William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition

The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, often abbreviated to Putnam Competition, is an annual mathematics competition for undergraduate college students, awarding scholarships and cash prizes ranging from $2,500 to $250 for the top students and $25,000 to $5,000 for the top schools. The competition was funded in 1927 by Elizabeth Lowell Putnam in memory of her husband William Lowell Putnam (Harvard 1882), who while alive was an advocate of intercollegiate intellectual competition. The exam has been offered annually since 1938 and is administered by the Mathematical Association of America.

Winners

Top-scoring teams

Since the second competition in 1939, competing teams have been ranked.

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YearFirstSecondThirdFourthFifth

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1938(teams were not ranked)

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1939Brooklyn CollegeMITMississippi Woman's College

Related Topics:
Brooklyn College - MIT - Mississippi Woman's College

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1940TorontoYaleColumbia

Related Topics:
Toronto - Yale - Columbia

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1941Brooklyn CollegeUPennMIT

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1942TorontoYaleMITCity College of New York

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1946TorontoMITBrooklyn CollegeCarnegie Institute of Technology

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1947HarvardYaleColumbiaUPenn

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1948Brooklyn CollegeTorontoHarvardCity College of New York (tie) McGill

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1949HarvardTorontoCarnegie Institute of TechnologyCity College of New York

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1950CaltechHarvardNew York University (NYU)Toronto

Related Topics:
Caltech - New York University

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1951CornellHarvardCooper UnionCity College of New York

Related Topics:
Cornell - Cooper Union

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1952Queen's UniversityPolytechnic Institute of BrooklynHarvardMIT

Related Topics:
Queen's University - Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn

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1953HarvardCity College of New YorkCornellUC Berkeley

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1954CornellHarvardMITToronto

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1955HarvardTorontoYaleKenyon

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1956HarvardColumbiaQueen's UniversityMIT

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1957HarvardColumbiaCornellCaltech

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Spring 1958Polytechnic Institute of BrooklynHarvardTorontoUniversity of Manitoba

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Fall 1958HarvardTorontoCaltechCornell

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1959Polytechnic Institute of BrooklynCaltechTorontoHarvardCase Western Reserve

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1960UC BerkeleyHarvardMITMichigan StateCornell

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1961Michigan StateMITCaltechHarvardDartmouth

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1962CaltechDartmouthHarvardQueen's UniversityUCLA

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1963Michigan StateBrooklyn CollegeUPennCaltechMIT

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1964CaltechMITHarvardCase Western ReserveUC Berkeley

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1965HarvardMITTorontoPrincetonCaltech

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1966HarvardMITChicagoMichiganPrinceton

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1967Michigan StateCaltechHarvardMITMichigan

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1968MITWaterlooUCLAMichigan StateKansas

Related Topics:
Waterloo - Kansas

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1969MITRiceChicagoHarvardYale

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1970ChicagoMITTorontoIllinois Institute of TechnologyCaltech

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1971CaltechChicagoHarvardUC DavisMIT

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1972CaltechOberlinHarvardSwarthmoreMIT

Related Topics:
Oberlin - Swarthmore

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1973CaltechUniversity of British ColumbiaChicagoHarvardPrinceton

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1974WaterlooChicagoCaltechMITUniversity of British Columbia

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1975CaltechChicagoMITPrincetonHarvard

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1976CaltechWashington University in St. LouisPrincetonCase Western Reserve (tie) MIT

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1977Washington University in St. LouisUC DavisCaltechPrincetonMIT

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1978Case Western ReserveWashington University in St. LouisWaterlooHarvardCaltech

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1979MITCaltechPrincetonStanfordWaterloo

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1980Washington University in St. LouisHarvardMaryland, College ParkChicagoUC Berkeley

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1981Washington University in St. LouisPrincetonHarvardStanfordMaryland, College Park

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1982HarvardWaterlooCaltechYalePrinceton

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1983CaltechWashington University in St. LouisWaterlooPrincetonChicago

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1984UC Davis (tie) Washington University in St. LouisHarvardPrincetonYale

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1985HarvardPrincetonUC BerkeleyRiceWaterloo

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1986HarvardWashington University in St. LouisUC BerkeleyYaleMIT

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1987HarvardPrincetonCarnegie MellonUC BerkeleyMIT

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1988HarvardPrincetonRiceWaterlooCaltech

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1989HarvardPrincetonWaterlooYaleRice

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1990HarvardDukeWaterlooYaleWashington University in St. Louis

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1991HarvardWaterlooHarvey MuddStanfordYale

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1992HarvardTorontoWaterlooPrincetonCornell

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1993DukeHarvardMiami UniversityMITMichigan

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1994HarvardCornellMITPrincetonWaterloo

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1995HarvardCornellMITTorontoPrinceton

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1996DukePrincetonHarvardWashington University in St. LouisCaltech

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1997HarvardDukePrincetonMITWashington University in St. Louis

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1998HarvardMITPrincetonCaltechWaterloo

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1999WaterlooHarvardDukeMichiganChicago

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2000DukeMITHarvardCaltechToronto

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2001HarvardMITDukeUC BerkeleyStanford

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2002HarvardPrincetonDukeUC BerkeleyStanford

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2003MITHarvardDukeCaltechHarvey Mudd

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2004MITPrincetonDukeWaterlooCaltech

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Teams ranked by historical performance

Below is a table of teams by the number of appearances in the top five and number of titles. Where multiple teams have the same number of appearances in the top five, they are ranked by number of championships, and then listed in alphabetical order.

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While some may see this as a rough gauge of the level of the undergraduate Mathematical programs at various institutions, a number of factors militate against this assumption:

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• Some institutions have participated for many years while others are relative latecomers.
• Some university teams actively train for the competition with faculty help and reference to past years' questions; at others, there is a student club which practices — but at many institutions, there is no formal preparation at all.
• As described earlier in this article, it is possible for the official members of a team to not score as highly as others from the same university who have not been designated members of the official team.
• Finally, and most importantly, "contest math" is seen by many as quite different from original mathematical research — the real aim of university math departments — and is not necessarily the best predictor of it.

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Top five finishes (as of 2004 competition)Team

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50Harvard

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35MIT

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28Caltech

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23Princeton

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16Toronto, Waterloo

Related Topics:
Toronto - Waterloo

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11Washington University in St. Louis, Yale

Related Topics:
Washington University in St. Louis - Yale

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10Chicago, Duke

Related Topics:
Chicago - Duke

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9UC Berkeley, Cornell

Related Topics:
UC Berkeley - Cornell

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5Brooklyn College, City College of New York, Michigan State, Stanford

Related Topics:
Brooklyn College - City College of New York - Michigan State - Stanford

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4Case Western Reserve, Columbia, Michigan, Rice

Related Topics:
Case Western Reserve - Columbia - Michigan - Rice

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3Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, UC Davis, Queen's University, Carnegie Mellon (formerly Carnegie Institute of Technology), UPenn

Related Topics:
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn - UC Davis - Queen's University - Carnegie Mellon - UPenn

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2Dartmouth, Harvey Mudd, Maryland, College Park, UCLA, University of British Columbia

Related Topics:
Dartmouth - Harvey Mudd - Maryland, College Park - UCLA - University of British Columbia

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1Cooper Union, Illinois Institute of Technology, Kansas, Kenyon, McGill, Miami University, Mississippi Woman's College, New York University, Oberlin, Swarthmore, University of Manitoba

Related Topics:
Cooper Union - Illinois Institute of Technology - Kansas - Kenyon - McGill - Miami University - Mississippi Woman's College - New York University - Oberlin - Swarthmore - University of Manitoba

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First place finishes (as of 2004 competition)Team

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24Harvard

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9Caltech

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5MIT

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4Washington University in St. Louis

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3Brooklyn College, Duke, Michigan State, Toronto

Related Topics:
Brooklyn College - Duke - Michigan State - Toronto

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2Cornell, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Waterloo

Related Topics:
Cornell - Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn - Waterloo

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1UC Berkeley, UC Davis, Case Western Reserve, Chicago, Queen's University

Related Topics:
UC Berkeley - UC Davis - Case Western Reserve - Chicago - Queen's University

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Putnam Fellows

Since the first competition, the top five (or six, in case of a tie) scorers on the examination have been named Putnam Fellows. Within the top five, Putnam fellows are not ranked. Only six students have been Putnam fellows four times: Don Coppersmith (1968-71), Arthur Rubin (1970-73), Bjorn M. Poonen (1985-88), Ravi D. Vakil (1988-91), Gabriel D. Carroll (2000-03), and Reid W. Barton (2001-04). Fifteen others have won the award three times.

Related Topics:
Gabriel D. Carroll - Reid W. Barton

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The following table lists all Putnam fellows from 1938 to present, with the years they placed in the top five.

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George W. Mackey (Rice)1938

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Irving Kaplansky (Toronto)1938

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Michael J. Norris (College of St. Thomas)1938

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Robert W. Gibson (Fort Hays Kansas State College)1938

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Bernard Sherman (Brooklyn College)1938, 1939

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Abraham Hillman (Brooklyn College)1939

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Richard P. Feynman (MIT)1939

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William Nierenberg (City College of New York)1939

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Edward L. Kaplan (Carnegie Institute of Technology)1939, 1940, 1941

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John Cotton Maynard (Toronto)1940

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Robert Maughan Snow (George Washington University)1940

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W. J. R. Crosby (Toronto)1940

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Andrew M. Gleason (Yale)1940, 1941, 1942

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Paul C. Rosenbloom (Penn)1941

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Richard F. Arens (UCLA)1941

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Samuel I. Askovitz (Penn)1941

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Harold Victor Lyons (Toronto)1942

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Harvey Cohn (City College of New York)1942

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Melvin A. Preston (Toronto)1942

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Warren S. Loud (MIT)1942

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Donald A. Fraser (Toronto)1946

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Eugenio Calabi (MIT)1946

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Felix Browder (MIT)1946

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J. Arthur Greenwood (Harvard)1946

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Maxwell A. Rosenlicht (Columbia)1946, 1947

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Clarence Wilson Hewlett, Jr. (Harvard)1947

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William Turanski (Penn)1947

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Eoin L. Whitney (University of Alberta)1947, 1948

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W. Forrest Stinespring (Harvard)1947, 1949

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George F. D. Duff (Toronto)1948

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Harry Gonshor (McGill)1948

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Leonard Geller (Brooklyn College)1948

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Robert L. Mills (Columbia)1948

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Donald J. Newman (City College of New York)1948, 1949, 1950

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Ariel Zemach (Harvard)1949

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David L. Yarmush (Harvard)1949

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J. W. Milnor (Princeton)1949, 1950

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John P. Mayberry (Toronto)1950

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Richard J. Semple (Toronto)1950

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Z. Alexander Melzak (University of British Columbia)1950

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Arthur P. Dempster (Toronto)1951

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Harold Widom (City College of New York)1951

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Herbert C. Kranzer (New York University (NYU))1951

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Peter John Redmond (Cooper Union)1951

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James B. Herreshoff IV (UC Berkeley)1951, 1952, 1953

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Eugene R. Rodemich (Washington University, St. Louis)1952

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Gerhard Rayna (Harvard)1952

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Richard G. Swan (Princeton)1952

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Walter L. Bailey, Jr. (MIT)1952

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Marshall L. Freimer (Harvard)1953

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Norman Bauman (Harvard)1953

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Tai Tsun Wu (Minnesota)1953

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Samuel Jacob Klein (City College of New York)1953, 1959, 1960

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Benjamin Muckenhoupt (Harvard)1954

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James Daniel Bjorken (MIT)1954

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Leonard Evens (Cornell)1954

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William P. Hanf (UC Berkeley)1954

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Kenneth G. Wilson (Harvard)1954, 1956

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Howard C. Rumsey, Jr. (Caltech)1955

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Jack Towber (Brooklyn College)1955

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David B. Mumford (Harvard)1955, 1956

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Trevor Barker (Kenyon College)1955, 1956

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Everett C. Dade (Harvard)1955, 1957

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Richard Michael Friedberg (Harvard)1956

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David M. Bloom (Columbia)1956, 1957

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J. Ian Richards (Minnesota)1957

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Richard T. Bumby (MIT)1957

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Rohit J. Parikh (Harvard)1957

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David R. Brillinger (Toronto)Spring 1958

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Donald J. C. Bures (Queen's University)Spring 1958

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Lawrence A. Shepp (Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn)Spring 1958

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Richard M. Dudley (Harvard)Spring 1958

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Joseph Lipman (Toronto)Spring 1958, Fall 1958

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Alan Gaisford Waterman (San Diego State College)Fall 1958

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John Rex Forrester Hewett (Toronto)Fall 1958

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Robert C. Hartshorne (Harvard)Fall 1958

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Alfred W. Hales (Caltech)Fall 1958, 1959

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Daniel G. Quillen (Harvard)1959

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Donald Passman (Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn)1959

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Donald S. Gorman (Harvard)1959

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Martin Isaacs (Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn)1959

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Stephen L. Adler (Harvard)1959

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Stephen Lichtenbaum (Harvard)1959

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Jon H. Folkman (UC Berkeley)1960

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Louis Jaeckel (UCLA)1960

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Melvin Hochster (Harvard)1960

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William R. Emerson (Caltech)1960

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Barry Wolk (University of Manitoba)1961

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Elwyn R. Berlekamp (MIT)1961

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Edward Anton Bender (Caltech)1961, 1962

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John Hathaway Lindsey (Caltech)1961, 1962

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William C. Waterhouse (Harvard)1961, 1962

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John William Wood (Harvard)1962

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Robert S. Strichartz (Dartmouth)1962

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Joel H. Spencer (MIT)1963

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Lawrence A. Zalcman (Dartmouth)1963

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Lawrence J. Corwin (Harvard)1963

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Robert E. Greene (Michigan State)1963

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Stephen E. Crick, Jr. (Michigan State)1963

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Barry B. MacKichan (Harvard)1964

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Fred William Roush (North Carolina)1964

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Roger E. Howe (Harvard)1964

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Rufus Bowen (UC Berkeley)1964

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Vern Sheridan Poythress (Caltech)1964

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Andreas R. Blass (University of Detroit)1965

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Barry Simon (Harvard)1965

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Daniel Fendel (Harvard)1965

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Lon M. Rosen (Toronto)1965

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Robert Bowen (UC Berkeley)1965

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Marshall W. Buck (Harvard)1966

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Robert E. Maas (Santa Clara)1966

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Robert S. Winternitz (MIT)1966

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Theodore C. Chang (MIT)1966

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Richard C. Schroeppel (MIT)1966, 1967

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David R. Haynor (Harvard)1967

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Dennis A. Hejhal (Chicago)1967

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Don B. Zagier (MIT)1967

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Peter L. Montgomery (UC Berkeley)1967

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Dean G. Huffman (Yale)1968

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Gerald S. Gras (MIT)1968

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Neal Koblitz (Harvard)1968

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Gerald A. Edgar (UC Santa Barbara)1968, 1969

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Don Coppersmith (MIT)1968, 1969, 1970, 1971

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Alan R. Beale (Rice)1969

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Steven Winkler (MIT)1969

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Robert A. Oliver (Chicago)1969, 1970

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Jeffrey Lagarias (MIT)1970

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Jockum Aniansson (Yale)1970

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Steven K. Winkler (MIT)1970

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Arthur Rubin (Purdue, Caltech)1970, 1971, 1972, 1973

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Dale Peterson (Yale)1971

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David Shucker (Swarthmore)1971

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Robert Israel (Chicago)1971

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Michael Yoder (Caltech)1971, 1972

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Arthur Rothstein (Reed College)1972

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David Vogan (Chicago)1972

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Dean Hickerson (UC Davis)1972

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Ira Gessel (Harvard)1972

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Angelos J. Tsirimokos (Princeton)1973

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Matthew L. Ginsberg (Wesleyan)1973

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Peter G. De Buda (Toronto)1973

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David J. Anick (MIT)1973, 1975

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Grant M. Roberts (Waterloo)1974

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James B. Saxe (Union)1974

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Karl C. Rubin (Princeton)1974

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Philip N. Strenski (Armstrong State)1974

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Thomas G. Goodwillie (Harvard)1974, 1975

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Ernest S. Davis (MIT)1975

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Franklin T. Adams (Chicago)1975

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Christopher L. Henley (Caltech)1975, 1976

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David J. Wright (Cornell)1976

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Nathaniel S. Kuhn (Harvard)1976

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Paul M. Herdig (Case Western Reserve)1976

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Philip I. Harrington (Washington University, St. Louis)1976

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Steven T. Tschantz (UC Berkeley)1976, 1978

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Adam L. Stephanides (Chicago)1977

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Michael Roberts (MIT)1977

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Paul A. Vojta (Minnesota-Minneapolis)1977

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Stephen W. Modzelewski (Harvard)1977

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Russell D. Lyons (Case Western Reserve)1977, 1978

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Mark R. Kleiman (Princeton)1978

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Peter W. Shor (Caltech)1978

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Randall L. Dougherty (UC Berkeley)1978, 1979, 1980

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Charles H. Walter (Princeton)1979

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Mark G. Pleszkoch (Virginia)1979

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Miller Puckette (MIT)1979

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Richard Mifflin (Rice University)1979

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Daniel J. Goldstein (Chicago)1980

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Laurence E. Penn (Harvard)1980

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Michael Raship (Harvard)1980

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Eric D. Carlson (Michigan State)1980, 1982, 1983

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Adam Stephanides (Chicago)1981

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Robin A. Pemantle (UC Berkeley)1981

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Scott R. Fluhrer (Case Western Reserve)1981

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David W. Ash (Waterloo)1981, 1982, 1983

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Michael J. Larsen (Harvard)1981, 1983

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Brian R. Hunt (Maryland, College Park)1982

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Edward A. Shpiz (Washington University, St. Louis)1982

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Noam D. Elkies (Columbia)1982, 1983, 1984

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Gregg N. Patruno (Princeton)1983

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Benji N. Fisher (Harvard)1984

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Daniel W. Johnson (Rose-Hulman)1984

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Richard A. Stong (Washington University, St. Louis)1984

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Michael Reid (Harvard)1984, 1987

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Everett W. Howe (Caltech)1985

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Keith A. Ramsay (Chicago)1985

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Martin V. Hildebrand (Williams)1985

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Douglas S. Jungreis (Harvard)1985, 1986

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Bjorn M. Poonen (Harvard)1985, 1986, 1987, 1988

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David J. Zuckerman (Harvard)1986

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Waldemar P. Horwat (MIT)1986

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David J. Grabiner (Princeton)1986, 1987, 1988

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David J. Moews (Harvard)1986, 1987, 1988

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Constantin S. Teleman (Harvard)1987

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John S. Tillinghast (UC Davis)1987

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Jeremy A. Kahn (Harvard)1988

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Ravi D. Vakil (Toronto)1988, 1989, 1990, 1991

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Andrew H. Kresch (Yale)1989

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Christo Athanasiadis (MIT)1989

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Colin M. Springer (Waterloo)1989

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Sihao Wu (Yale)1989

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William P. Cross (Caltech)1989

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Jordan Lampe (UC Berkeley)1990

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Raymond M. Sidney (Harvard)1990

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Eric K. Wepsic (Harvard)1990, 1991

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Jordan S. Ellenberg (Harvard)1990, 1992

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Joshua B. Fischman (Princeton)1991

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Xi Chen (Missouri-Rolla)1991

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Samuel A. Kutin (Harvard)1991, 1992

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Jeffrey M. Vanderkam (Duke)1992

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Serban M. Nacu (Harvard)1992

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Adam M. Logan (Princeton)1992, 1993

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Craig B. Gentry (Duke)1993

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Wei-Hwa Huang (Caltech)1993

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J. P. Grossman (Toronto)1993, 1994, 1995

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Kiran S. Kedlaya (Harvard)1993, 1994, 1995

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Lenhard L. Ng (Harvard)1993, 1994, 1995

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William R. Mann (Princeton)1994

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Jeremy L. Bem (Cornell)1994, 1996

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Sergey V. Levin (Harvard)1995

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Yevgeniy Dodis (NYU)1995

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Dragos N. Oprea (Harvard)1996

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Ioana Dumitriu (NYU)1996

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Robert D. Kleinberg (Cornell)1996

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Stephen S. Wang (Harvard)1996

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Daniel K. Schepler (Washington University, St. Louis)1996, 1997

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Ovidiu Savin (University of Pittsburgh)1997

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Patrick K. Corn (Harvard)1997

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Samuel Grushevsky (Harvard)1997

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Mike L. Develin (Harvard)1997, 1998

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Ciprian Manolescu (Harvard)1997, 1998, 2000

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Ari M. Turner (Princeton)1998

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Nathan G. Curtis (Duke)1998

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Kevin D. Lacker (Duke)1998, 2001

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Christopher C. Mihelich (Harvard)1999

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Colin A. Percival (Simon Fraser)1999

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Davesh Maulik (Harvard)1999

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Derek I.E. Kisman (Waterloo)1999

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Sabin Cautis (Waterloo)1999

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Abhinav Kumar (MIT)1999, 2000

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Pavlo Pylyavskyy (MIT)2000

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Alexander B. Schwartz (Harvard)2000, 2002

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Gabriel D. Carroll (UC Berkeley, Harvard)2000, 2001, 2002, 2003

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George Lee, Jr. (Harvard)2001

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Jan K. Siwanowicz (City University of New York)2001

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Reid W. Barton (MIT)2001, 2002, 2003, 2004

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Deniss Cebikins (MIT)2002

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Melanie E. Wood (Duke)2002

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Ralph C. Furmaniak (Waterloo)2003

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Ana Caraiani (Princeton)2003, 2004

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Daniel M. Kane (MIT)2003, 2004

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Vladimir V. Barzov (MIT)2004

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Aaron C. Pixton (Princeton)2004

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Elizabeth Lowell Putnam Award winners

Since 1992, the Elizabeth Lowell Putnam Award has been available to be awarded to a female participant with a high score. It is not awarded every year.

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Dana Pascovici (Dartmouth)1992

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Ruth A. Britto-Pacumio (MIT)1994

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Ioana Dumitriu (NYU)1995, 1996, 1997

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Wai Ling Yee (Waterloo)1999

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Melanie E. Wood (Duke)2001, 2002

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Ana Caraiani (Princeton)2003, 2004

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