Wheaton College, Massachusetts

:This article is about the college in Norton, Massachusetts. For the Christian school, see Wheaton College, Illinois.

History

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The history of Wheaton College is rooted in the affectionate regard and strong personal commitment of a small New England family. In 1834, Eliza Wheaton Strong, the daughter and favorite child of Judge Laban Wheaton, died at the age of thirty-nine. Eliza Baylies Chapin Wheaton, the Judge's daughter-in-law, persuaded him to memorialize his daughter by founding a female seminary. The family called upon noted women's educator Mary Lyon for assistance in establishing the seminary. Miss Lyon created the first curriculum with the goal that it be equal in quality to those of men's colleges. She also provided the first principal, Eunice Caldwell. Wheaton Female Seminary opened in Norton, Massachusetts on 22 April 1835, with 50 students and three teachers.

Related Topics:
1834 - 22 April - 1835

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Mary Lyon and Eunice Caldwell left Wheaton to open Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in 1837. Following their departure, Wheaton endured a period of fluctuating enrollment and frequent changes in leadership until 1850, when Caroline Cutler Metcalf was recruited as the new prinicpal. Mrs. Metcalf made the hiring of outstanding faculty her top priority, bringing in educators who encouraged students to discuss ideas rather than to memorize facts. The most notable additions to the faculty were Lucy Larcom, who introduced the study of English Literature and founded the student literary magazine The Rushlight; and Mary Jane Cragin, who used innovative techniques to teach geometry and made mathematics the favorite study of many students.

Related Topics:
Mount Holyoke - 1837 - 1850 - Geometry - Mathematics

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Mrs. Metcalf retired in 1876. A. Ellen Stanton, a teacher of French since 1871, served as principal from 1880 to 1897. She led the Seminary during a difficult time, when it faced competition from increasing numbers of public high schools and colleges granting bachelor's degrees to women.

Related Topics:
1876 - French - 1871 - 1880 - 1897

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In 1897, at the suggestion of Eliza Baylies Wheaton, the Trustees hired the Reverend Samuel Valentine Cole as the Seminary's first male president. Preparing to seek a charter as a four-year college, Cole began a program of revitalization that included expanding and strengthening the curriculum, increasing the number and quality of the faculty, and adding six new buildings.

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The Commonwealth of Massachusetts granted Wheaton a college charter in 1912. The Student Government Association was organized to represent the "consensus of opinion of the whole student body", and to encourage individual responsibility, integrity, and self-government. Wheaton received authorization to establish a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa in 1932, only twenty years after achieving college status.

Related Topics:
Massachusetts - 1912 - Phi Beta Kappa - 1932 - College

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President Samuel Valentine Cole died suddenly, following a brief illness, in 1925. During his remarkable career as Wheaton President, Cole oversaw the expansion of the campus from three to twenty-seven buildings, the growth of enrollment from fifty to four hundred fourteen, and the establishment of an endowment.

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The Reverend John Edgar Park, who became president in 1926, continued Cole's building program, and saw the College through the Great Depression, the celebration of its centennial in 1935, and World War II. He retired in 1944, and was succeeded by Dartmouth College Professor of History Alexander Howard Meneely. During his tenure, the Trustees voted to expand the size of the college from 525 to 800-1000 students, and construction of "new campus" began in 1957.

Related Topics:
1926 - Great Depression - 1935 - World War II - 1944 - Dartmouth College - 1957

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President Meneely died in 1961, following a long illness, and was succeeded in 1962 by William C.H. Prentice, a psychology professor and administrator at Swarthmore College. In the early 1960s, Wheaton successfully completed its first endowment campaign. The development of new campus continued, and student enrollment grew to 1200. Wheaton students and faculty joined in nationwide campus protests against United States actions in Indochina in 1970.

Related Topics:
1961 - 1962 - Psychology - Swarthmore College - 1970

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In 1975, Wheaton inaugurated its first woman president, Alice Frey Emerson, Dean of Students at the University of Pennsylvania. During her tenure, Wheaton achieved national recognition as a pioneer in the development of a gender-balanced curriculum. Wheaton celebrated its Sesquicentennial in 1984/85 with a year-long series of symposia, concerts, dance performances, art and history exhibits, and an endowment and capital campaign. In 1987, the Trustees voted to admit men to Wheaton. The first coeducational class was enrolled in September 1988.

Related Topics:
1975 - University of Pennsylvania - 1984 - 85 - Art - History - 1987 - 1988

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Dale Rogers Marshall, Academic Dean at Wellesley College, was inaugurated as Wheaton's sixth president in 1992. She led the college in "The Campaign for Wheaton", to build endowed and current funds for faculty development, student scholarships, and academic programs and facilities. The highest enrollments in Wheaton's history in recent years encouraged the construction of the first new residence halls since 1964, and the improvement and expansion of classroom buildings.

Related Topics:
Wellesley College - 1992 - 1964

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Wheaton's Board of Trustees appointed Ronald A. Crutcher at the seventh president of Wheaton College on March 23, 2004. President Crutcher came to Wheaton from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he served as provost and executive vice president for academic affairs and professor of music.

Related Topics:
Miami University - Oxford, Ohio - Music

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Presidents

The following is a list of Wheaton College presidents with the years of their presidential tenures.

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• Rev. Dr. Samuel Valentine Cole (1912-1925)
• George Thomas Smart, Acting President (1925-1926)
• Rev. Dr. John Edgar Park (1926-1944)
• Alexander Howard Meneely (1944-1961)
• Elizabeth Stoffregen May, Acting President (1961-1962)
• William Courtney Hamilton Prentice (1962-1975)
• Alice Frey Emerson (1975-1991)
• Hannah Goldberg, Acting President (1991-1992)
• Dale Rogers Marshall (1992-2004)
• Ronald Andrew Crutcher (2004-present)