Vitamin
A Vitamin is an organic molecule required by a living organism in minute amounts for normal health. An organism deprived of all sources of a particular vitamin will eventually suffer from disease symptoms specific to the missing vitamin.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
In general, an organism must obtain vitamins or their metabolic precursors from outside the body, most often from the organism's diet. Examples of vitamins that the human body can derive from precursors include vitamin A, which can be produced from beta carotene; niacin from the amino acid, tryptophan; and vitamin D through exposure of skin to ultraviolet light.
Related Topics:
Diet - Beta carotene - Amino acid - Tryptophan - Skin - Ultraviolet
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The term, vitamin, does not encompass other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals, essential fatty acids or essential amino acids, nor is it used for the large number of other nutrients that are merely health promoting, but not strictly essential.
Related Topics:
Essential nutrient - Dietary minerals - Essential fatty acid - Essential amino acid
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The word vitamin was coined by the Polish biochemist Kazimierz Funk in 1912. Vita in Latin is life and the -amin suffix is short for amine; at the time it was thought that all vitamins were amines. Though this is now known to be incorrect, the name has stuck.
Related Topics:
Polish - Biochemist - Kazimierz Funk - 1912 - Amine
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ Table of Content ~
| ► | Introduction |
| ► | History |
| ► | Human vitamins |
| ► | Pseudo-vitamins |
| ► | Colloquial usage of the term |
| ► | Non-human vitamins |
| ► | See also |
| ► | References |
| ► | External links |
~ Community ~
| ► | History Forum Come and discuss about History, Civilizations, Historical Events and Figures |
| ► | History Web-Ring A community of sites, blogs and forums dedicated to History. Do not hesitate to submit your site. |
Latest news on vitamin
Vitamin D can aid fertility
Women with fertility problems may benefit from taking vitamin D supplements research has found.
omg..R U at Extendedstayamerica?? lol call Arthur 510-912-2887 (emeryville) $1400 1bd
Try instead our apartment-hotel and stop being bored or overcharged. We have 22 uniquely furnished and FULLY EQUIPPED apartments, with full(LARGE) kitchens and private bathrooms, in four small buildings (Emeryville and near Lake Merritt in Oakland); we call this our "private hotel". # One third of our places are occupied long term by friends of ours (who started out as "tenants"). Our contact person (and owner) is Arthur Pritchard 510 912-2887 (cell/text) 24/7. HIS EMAIL IS: arthurprit@gmail.com. Please feel free to call. � we prefer to actually show the available spaces to you. Here are some pics of the emeryville building, and some friends who helped us establish this idea. http://picasaweb.google.com/arthurprit/ExtraPicsForEmeryvilleBuilding All of our places are completely independent, furnished and equipped apartments with large equipped kitchens. We use very nice furnishings. See the attached photos / click the links to see photos of some of our properties. http://picasaweb.google.com/arthurprit/SampleOfFurniture Short or long term stay. Our buildings are about 75 years old, but have been entirely updated in terms of plumbing and electrical services. They have the character most newer buildings lack. All our buildings are small buildings, and offer privacy and security. All have high ceilings, extensive built-ins (including two walk-in closets), large gas stoves with high broilers, and gas heating. Owner pays water and garbage, washer/dryer. Free wireless broadband signal in most of our buildings. You pay the gas and electric bill (your heat, and hot water). Our main building at 1039 45th St. is a very classic Spanish stucco building with huge kitchens (15'x 12'), hardwood floors. (and if you love to cook, we can supply lots of special stuff--choppers blenders, Cuisinart, special ovens). The building has wide pleasant interior hallways. Entry doors are very attractive French doors. Building already wired for SBC telephone/dsl, or DISH or Comcast or cable/dsl; you just have to put it in your name. We will rent short or long term. However, we prefer min two month stays, to help everyone feeling really comfortable with each other. # For suggestions for alternative weekly or one-month-at-a-time stays, we recommend another place nearby. They have a large full time cleaning staff; it is called Extended Stayamerica (they are a chain). They offer a furnished equipped studio-suite which includes a small kitchen, for $2300/month. This section describes Emeryville, and why people chose to live there. Emeryville is safer, cheaper, and close to San Francisco. Emeryville features the new "Bay Street" upscale shopping area, corporate presences including Steve Jobs, Pixar, Apple, Leapfrog, Chiron; arts-friendly groups like Pro Arts, an enlightened Emeryville city hall, lots of parking, always readily available Emeryville Police (almost never a car break-in), clean safe Emeryville Marina. Within 3 blocks, we have a Yoga studio, Arizmendi (worker-owned bakery with famous baked goods), Copa-Cabana (coffee house) and other businesses that reflect the artistic and youthful vitality of the neighborhood. A few blocks further is the Sidda Yoga Ashram. Even for those not of that spiritual persuasion, the music and food there are worth the visit. (corner Powell/San Pablo) A few blocks west another neighborhood caf� � Doyle Street Caf�. Emeryville also has a variety of traditional retail shops � Home Depot, Office Depot, Circuit City, all the cell phone carriers, furniture bargains and selection at Ikea, great grocery selection at Trader Joes, Curves workout facility, Elizabeth Arden warehouse outlet, J. Jill, etc... (not that these are unique, but they are useful at times. ) Approximately 2 miles away in West Oakland: The Crucible teaches welding and woodworking classes. At Jack London Square we have Yoshi�s (jazz and sushi) on the Oakland waterfront. About 2 miles in the other direction is the best fresh produce store around � the Berkeley Bowl. A bit further up Shattuck Avenue (at Rose) in Berkeley is Vitamin Express, one of the best herb/supplement/vitamin stores around. On Telegraph Avenue we have Amoeba for music CDs, Moe�s and Cody�s (book stores) and the films, recitals, and lectures at UC Berkeley. Everything here is bike friendly. Many people in our community are able to do 90% of their activities on mass transit, bicycle or by walking, including nighttime and during commute time. The terrain is basically flat, with a slight and steady grade upward into Berkeley that even middle-aged folks can handle on the bike. For those who want to purchase a small place here, there are many new live work lofts and regular condos currently under construction. The Pixar animation studio is tripling the physical size of their campus/headquarters in Emeryville. We are five easy walking blocks away from Pixar. We are also within walking distance to the main Emeryville bus station on 40th Street, which has an express bus service to San Francisco. The "BART" train station is also on 40th St. (but the bus is much more fun, and very fast.) Emeryville has local restaurants like the Oaks Club (pastrami), the Townhouse, Bucci's, and the main Chevy's (their best location; RIGHT on the water). Little known secret, is that Ikea (furniture & stuff) also has a good cafeteria style restaurant with excellent food, a low price, and long hours. Many artist-based businesses start and stay in Emeryville, as city hall is very helpful and responsive to small businesses. Finally, Emeryville has a nice marina, at the end of Powell Street, which is always very CLEAN, pleasant and a safe place to relax and exercise. (versus either Berkeley or Oakland marinas). We also have another building at Lake Merrit Oakland which you can learn about by going to Craigs List for 2807 Harrison Street Oakland, near the new Whole Foods. # This section describes our extended family running these facilities. Arthur Pritchard (who started all this), wanted a business providing contact with persons from all over the world. He had traveled in Asia, and South America. He was raised on Long Island N.Y., Dartmouth (double masters in engineering, and MBA). Worked for IBM-Boston and Arthur D. Little Inc. (a think tank)-Cambridge; then Stanford Research Institute-Menlo Park (another think tank), then Wells Fargo Bank, Morgan Stanley, and Merrill Lynch. Then he started buying the properties we work with today. We recently expanded into the Salt Lake City area just east of Park City with facilities to treat "troubled teens". By the way, we are very interested, in your own background, (so we can extend what we do).
Vitamin 'may be Alzheimer's aid'
Vitamin B3 may help protect the brain from Alzheimer's disease - and even boost memory in healthy people.
Vitamin pill that may slow Alzheimer's goes on trial
A vitamin pill that could slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease is to enter human trials after scientists found it protected animals from memory loss associated with the condition.High doses of vitamin B3 will be given to 70 people who have recently been diagnosed with the disease as part of the trial due to begin in the new year, which is open to volunteers over the age of 50.If the six-month trial is a success it could have a dramatic impact on the treatment of an estimated 417,000 people in Britain who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's. There is currently no cure for Alzheimer's or any other type of dementia. Delaying the onset of the disease by five years would halve the number of deaths from the condition, saving 30,000 lives a year, according to the Alzheimer's Society. Scientists at the University of California, Irvine, gave high doses of a form of vitamin B3 called nicotinamide to mice which had been genetically modified to develop Alzheimer's disease. The researchers, led by Dr Kim Green, tested the animals' memories over the four month study by seeing how well they remembered the location of a submerged platform in a large water tank.At the end of the trial the mice with Alzheimer's performed as well in the memory test as healthy mice, suggesting the vitamin had protected their brains from memory loss. Healthy mice who were fed the vitamins outperformed mice on a normal diet. "The vitamin completely prevented cognitive decline associated with the disease, bringing them back to the level they'd be at if they didn't have the pathology," said Green. "It actually improved behaviour in non-demented animals too.""This suggests that not only is it good for Alzheimer's disease, but if normal people take it, some aspects of their memory might improve," said Frank LaFerla, a co-author on the study.The results, which are published in the Journal of Neuroscience, encouraged the scientists to draw up plans for a human trial that will be run from the university."At the moment we're talking about a disease for which there is no sort of treatment and this is likely to be far safer than any of the upcoming drugs. Nicotinamide is just vitamin B3, it's really cheap, it's safe and easy to get hold of," said Green.Research so far suggests that over-the-counter vitamin supplements will contain too little vitamin B3 to have an effect. Volunteers taking part in the trial will be given 2g of the vitamin a day. Previously scientists have only seen serious side effects in doses of 10g or more, which were found to cause liver damage.The vitamin is believed to prevent the build-up of "tau" proteins along tracks inside neurons. In the early stages of the disease these protein clumps are thought to make nerve cells work less efficiently, but ultimately they can stop the nerves working completely and kill them off.Brain scans of Alzheimer's patients reveal they also experience clumps of a second type of protein outside the nerve cells. Many scientists believe these amyloid plaques also drive the progression of the disease. Green said that as nicotinamide only appears to reduce the build-up of the proteins in the brain, more effective treatments may combine drugs that attack both types.Susanne Sorensen, head of research at the Alzheimer's Society, said: "This research is interesting as it points towards new ways of treating Alzheimer's disease. The best evidence around reducing your risk of dementia is to eat a healthy balanced diet, take regular exercise, don't smoke and check your blood pressure and cholesterol."NeuroscienceMedical researchHealthguardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2008 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
R U at Extendedstayamerica?? omg lol call Arthur 510-912-2887 (emeryville) $1400 1bd
Try instead our apartment-hotel and stop being bored or overcharged. We have 22 uniquely furnished and FULLY EQUIPPED apartments, with full(LARGE) kitchens and private bathrooms, in four small buildings (Emeryville and near Lake Merritt in Oakland); we call this our "private hotel". # One third of our places are occupied long term by friends of ours (who started out as "tenants"). Our contact person (and owner) is Arthur Pritchard 510 912-2887 (cell/text) 24/7. HIS EMAIL IS: arthurprit@gmail.com. Please feel free to call. � we prefer to actually show the available spaces to you. Here are some pics of the emeryville building, and some friends who helped us establish this idea. http://picasaweb.google.com/arthurprit/ExtraPicsForEmeryvilleBuilding All of our places are completely independent, furnished and equipped apartments with large equipped kitchens. We use very nice furnishings. See the attached photos / click the links to see photos of some of our properties. http://picasaweb.google.com/arthurprit/SampleOfFurniture Short or long term stay. Our buildings are about 75 years old, but have been entirely updated in terms of plumbing and electrical services. They have the character most newer buildings lack. All our buildings are small buildings, and offer privacy and security. All have high ceilings, extensive built-ins (including two walk-in closets), large gas stoves with high broilers, and gas heating. Owner pays water and garbage, washer/dryer. Free wireless broadband signal in most of our buildings. You pay the gas and electric bill (your heat, and hot water). Our main building at 1039 45th St. is a very classic Spanish stucco building with huge kitchens (15'x 12'), hardwood floors. (and if you love to cook, we can supply lots of special stuff--choppers blenders, Cuisinart, special ovens). The building has wide pleasant interior hallways. Entry doors are very attractive French doors. Building already wired for SBC telephone/dsl, or DISH or Comcast or cable/dsl; you just have to put it in your name. We will rent short or long term. However, we prefer min two month stays, to help everyone feeling really comfortable with each other. # For suggestions for alternative weekly or one-month-at-a-time stays, we recommend another place nearby. They have a large full time cleaning staff; it is called Extended Stayamerica (they are a chain). They offer a furnished equipped studio-suite which includes a small kitchen, for $2300/month. This section describes Emeryville, and why people chose to live there. Emeryville is safer, cheaper, and close to San Francisco. Emeryville features the new "Bay Street" upscale shopping area, corporate presences including Steve Jobs, Pixar, Apple, Leapfrog, Chiron; arts-friendly groups like Pro Arts, an enlightened Emeryville city hall, lots of parking, always readily available Emeryville Police (almost never a car break-in), clean safe Emeryville Marina. Within 3 blocks, we have a Yoga studio, Arizmendi (worker-owned bakery with famous baked goods), Copa-Cabana (coffee house) and other businesses that reflect the artistic and youthful vitality of the neighborhood. A few blocks further is the Sidda Yoga Ashram. Even for those not of that spiritual persuasion, the music and food there are worth the visit. (corner Powell/San Pablo) A few blocks west another neighborhood caf� � Doyle Street Caf�. Emeryville also has a variety of traditional retail shops � Home Depot, Office Depot, Circuit City, all the cell phone carriers, furniture bargains and selection at Ikea, great grocery selection at Trader Joes, Curves workout facility, Elizabeth Arden warehouse outlet, J. Jill, etc... (not that these are unique, but they are useful at times. ) Approximately 2 miles away in West Oakland: The Crucible teaches welding and woodworking classes. At Jack London Square we have Yoshi�s (jazz and sushi) on the Oakland waterfront. About 2 miles in the other direction is the best fresh produce store around � the Berkeley Bowl. A bit further up Shattuck Avenue (at Rose) in Berkeley is Vitamin Express, one of the best herb/supplement/vitamin stores around. On Telegraph Avenue we have Amoeba for music CDs, Moe�s and Cody�s (book stores) and the films, recitals, and lectures at UC Berkeley. Everything here is bike friendly. Many people in our community are able to do 90% of their activities on mass transit, bicycle or by walking, including nighttime and during commute time. The terrain is basically flat, with a slight and steady grade upward into Berkeley that even middle-aged folks can handle on the bike. For those who want to purchase a small place here, there are many new live work lofts and regular condos currently under construction. The Pixar animation studio is tripling the physical size of their campus/headquarters in Emeryville. We are five easy walking blocks away from Pixar. We are also within walking distance to the main Emeryville bus station on 40th Street, which has an express bus service to San Francisco. The "BART" train station is also on 40th St. (but the bus is much more fun, and very fast.) Emeryville has local restaurants like the Oaks Club (pastrami), the Townhouse, Bucci's, and the main Chevy's (their best location; RIGHT on the water). Little known secret, is that Ikea (furniture & stuff) also has a good cafeteria style restaurant with excellent food, a low price, and long hours. Many artist-based businesses start and stay in Emeryville, as city hall is very helpful and responsive to small businesses. Finally, Emeryville has a nice marina, at the end of Powell Street, which is always very CLEAN, pleasant and a safe place to relax and exercise. (versus either Berkeley or Oakland marinas). We also have another building at Lake Merrit Oakland which you can learn about by going to Craigs List for 2807 Harrison Street Oakland, near the new Whole Foods. # This section describes our extended family running these facilities. Arthur Pritchard (who started all this), wanted a business providing contact with persons from all over the world. He had traveled in Asia, and South America. He was raised on Long Island N.Y., Dartmouth (double masters in engineering, and MBA). Worked for IBM-Boston and Arthur D. Little Inc. (a think tank)-Cambridge; then Stanford Research Institute-Menlo Park (another think tank), then Wells Fargo Bank, Morgan Stanley, and Merrill Lynch. Then he started buying the properties we work with today. We recently expanded into the Salt Lake City area just east of Park City with facilities to treat "troubled teens". By the way, we are very interested, in your own background, (so we can extend what we do).
Vitamin link to Parkinson's
LACK of vitamin D is significantly associated with Parkinson's disease, a study has shown.
After Acai, What Is Amazon's Next "Cinderella Fruit"?
Once obscure Amazon fruits like açaí are riding health claims to supermarket success. Could a scaly palm fruit with three times the vitamin A of carrots be the rain forest's next popular export?
Parkinson's linked to vitamin D
Scientists are testing whether vitamin D supplements can ease symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
and are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
[Under Construction] - Spiritus-Temporis.com ©2005.