VENONA project

The VENONA project was a long-running and highly secret collaboration between United States intelligence agencies and the United Kingdom's MI5 that involved the cryptanalysis of messages sent by several Soviet intelligence agencies. There were known to be at least 13 code words for this effort used by the US and UK. VENONA was the last code word for the project.

Further reading

• Robert Louis Benson, Michael Warner, Venona: Soviet Espionage and the American Response 1939-1957 (National Security Agency and Central Intelligence Agency, Washington D.C., 1996)
• Robert Louis Benson, The Venona Story (National Security Agency, Center for Cryptologic History, 2001)
• Robert J. Lamphere, Tom Shachtman, "The FBI-KGB War: A Special Agent's Story" (Random House, New York, 1986)
• John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (Yale University, New Haven, 1999)
• Nigel West, Venona: The Greatest Secret of the Cold War (HarperCollins, London, 1999)