Utopia

Utopia, in its most common and general positive meaning, refers to the human efforts to create a better society, a perfect society that does not exist (yet).

Examples of utopia

• Plato's Republic (400 BC) was, at least on one level, a description of a political utopia ruled by an elite of philosopher kings, conceived by Plato. a Gutenburg text of the book
• The City of God (written 413–426) by Augustine of Hippo, describes an ideal city, the "eternal" Jerusalem, the archetype of all "Christian" utopias.
• Utopia (1516) by Thomas More a Gutenburg text of the book
• The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621) by Robert Burton, a utopian society is described in the preface.
• The City of the Sun (1623) by Tommaso Campanella
• The New Atlantis (1627) by Francis Bacon
• Oceana (1656) by James Harrington
• The section in Gulliver's Travels (1726) by Jonathan Swift depicting the calm, rational society of the Houyhnhms, is certainly utopian, but it is meant to contrast with that of the yahoos, who represent the worst that the human race can do.
• Voyage en Icarie (1840) by Etienne Cabet
• Erewhon (1872) by Samuel Butler
• Looking Backward (1888), by Edward Bellamy
• Freiland (1890) by Theodor Hertzka
• News from Nowhere (1891), by William Morris; see also the Arts and Crafts Movement founded to put his ideas into practice a Gutenberg text of the book
• Utopia, Limited (1893) is a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in which a small island nation reforms itself along British lines, with amusingly utter success.
• Intermere (1901) by Wiliam Alexander Taylor.
• A large number of books by H.G. Wells, including A Modern Utopia (1905)
• Herland (1915), by Charlotte Perkins Gilman; an exclusively female utopia and its journey towards "bi-sexuality" as presented by one of three male explorers who "discover" the country.
• Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1932) can be considered an example of pseudo-utopian satire (see also dystopia). One of his other books, Island (1962), demonstrates a positive utopia.
• Shangri-La described in the novel Lost Horizon by James Hilton (1933)
• Islandia (1942), by Austin Tappan Wright
• B. F. Skinner's Walden Two (1948)
• The Cloud of Magellan (1955) by Stanis?aw Lem
• Andromeda Nebula (1957) is a classic communist utopia by Ivan Efremov
• Star Trek (1966) science fiction television series by Gene Roddenberry
• The Dispossessed (1974), a science fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin, is sometimes said to represent one of the few modern revivals of the utopian genre, though it is notable that one of the major themes of the work is the ambiguity of different notions of utopia. Le Guin presents a utopian world in which ditches do need digging, and sewers need unblocking — this drudgery is divided among all adults, and is contrasted, in the language of the utopia, with their everyday, more satisfying work.
• Woman on the Edge of Time (1976) by Marge Piercy is a feminist science fiction novel in which the protagonist must act to win the utopian future over an alternative, dystopian, one.
• Ecotopia (novel) (1975) by Ernest Callenbach
• The Three Californias Trilogy (especially The Pacific Edge (1990)) and the Mars trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson
• The Giver (1993), a novel by Lois Lowry, depicts a "perfect" society of the far future whose elimination of war, disease, fear, &c. comes at the inherent price of the repression of human emotions, individuality and free will.
• most of the stories in ' (1994), edited by Kim Stanley Robinson
• The Hedonistic Imperative (1996), an online manifesto by David Pearce, outlines how genetic engineering and nanotechnology will abolish suffering in all sentient life.
• The Kin of Ata Are Waiting for You (1997) by Dorothy Bryant
• The Matrix (1999), a film by the Wachowski brothers, describes a virtual reality controlled by artificial intelligence such as Agent Smith. Smith says that the first Matrix was a utopia, but humans disbelieved and rejected it because they "define their reality through misery and suffering." Therefore, the Matrix was redesigned to simulate human civilization with all its suffering.
• Equilibrium (2002), is a film and describes a future in which feelings are forbidden.
• ', (2004) is a novel about a true Utopia, with a bias toward Matriarchy, in the distant future of Earth, "translated" by D.J. Solomon
• Ensaio sobre a Lucidez ("Treatise on Lucidity") by José Saramago (2004), describes a city where there is 83% of blank votes at an election.
• Globus Cassus, (2004), is a project for the transformation of the Earth into a large, hollow structure inhabited on the inside, which would be organised by new types of societies and political systems.
• Dinotopia, (1992) originally an illustrated book and now expanded into other media, is about an island where humans and dinosaurs coexist peacefully. Most are vegetarian, trade has replaced currency, and nature is carefully protected. However, it's inescapable, and some are displeased by this lifestyle, so one character points out that the word "Dinotopia" doesn't mean "a utopia of dinosaurs," it means "a terrible place."
• Neopets, a game set on a world called Neopia, a utopia.
• Utopia (online game), a text-based multiplayer online computer strategy game set in a medieval environment.