Urban planning

Urban, city, or town planning, deals with the physical, social and economic development of metropolitan regions, municipalities and neigrborhoods. Other professions deal in more detail with a smaller scale of development, namely architecture, landscape architecture and urban design. Regional planning deals with a still larger environment, at a less detailed level. The Greek Hippodamus is often considered the father of city planning, for his design of Miletus, though examples of planned cities permeate antiquity. Muslims are thought to have originated the idea of formal zoning (see haram and hima and the more general notion of khalifa, or "stewardship" from which they arise), although modern usage in the West largely dates from the ideas of the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne.

Related Topics:
Architecture - Landscape architecture - Urban design - Regional planning - Hippodamus - Miletus - Planned cities - Antiquity - Muslim - Zoning - Haram - Hima - Khalifa - Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne

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Historically, city planning orginated from within architecture and civil engineering, and employed a highly rational approach to solving city problems through physical design. However, a number of broad critiques of modernist city planning that gained momentum in the 1960s (for example, those of Jane Jacobs, etc) helped expand the domain of urban planning to include economic development planning, community social planning and environmental planning.

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