Tsar

Tsar (Bulgarian ???, Russian ????, {{Audio|ru-tsar.ogg|listen}}; often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917 (although this usage is only technically correct until 1721).

Russia

Full title of Russian tsars

The full title of Russian emperors started with By the Grace of God, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias (????? ????????, ????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ) and went further to list all ruled territories. For example, according to the art. 59 of the Russian Constitution of April 23, 1906, "the full title of His Imperial Majesty is as follows: We, ------ by the grace of God, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, of Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Tauric Khersones, Tsar of Georgia, Lord of Pskov, and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Lithuania, Volhynia, Podolia, and Finland, Prince of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Semigalia, Samogitia, Bia?ystok, Karelia, Tver, Yugra, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgaria, and other territories; Lord and Grand Duke of Nizhni Novgorod, Chernigov; Ruler of Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Beloozero, Udoria, Obdoria, Kondia, Vitebsk, Mstislav, and all northern territories ; Ruler of Iveria, Kartalinia, and the Kabardinian lands and Armenian territories - hereditary Ruler and Lord of the Cherkess and Mountain Princes and others; Lord of Turkestan, Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Oldenburg, and so forth, and so forth, and so forth."

Related Topics:
Emperor - Autocrat - Russia - Moscow - Kiev - Vladimir - Novgorod - Kazan - Astrakhan - Poland - Siberia - Tauric - Khersones - Georgia - Lord - Pskov - Grand Duke - Smolensk - Lithuania - Volhynia - Podolia - Finland - Prince - Estonia - Livonia - Courland - Semigalia - Samogitia - Bia?ystok - Karelia - Tver - Yugra - Perm - Vyatka - Bulgaria - Nizhni Novgorod - Chernigov - Ryazan - Polotsk - Rostov - Yaroslavl - Beloozero - Udoria - Obdoria - Kondia - Vitebsk - Mstislav - Iveria - Kartalinia - Kabard - Armenia - Cherkess - Turkestan - Norway - Schleswig-Holstein - Stormarn - Dithmarschen - Oldenburg

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For example, Nicholas II of Russia was titled as follows (notice the archaic spelling):

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:????? ????ѣ?????????? ???????? ??, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????

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:??????????, ????????, ????????????, ????????????,

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:???? ?????????, ???? ????????????, ???? ????????, ???? ?????????, ???? ????????? ????????????, ???? ??????????,

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:???????? ?????????, ?

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:??????? ????? ??????????, ?????????, ?????????, ?????????? ? ???????????;

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:????? ???????????, ???????????, ??????????? ? ????????????, ???????????, ?ѣ??????????, ??????????,

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:????????, ????????, ????????, ???????, ?????????? ? ?????;

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:???????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ????????????, ?????????, ?????????,

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:??????????, ???????????, ?ѣ?????????, ????????, ?????????, ??????????, ?????????, ???????????? ?

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:???? ?ѣ?????? ?????? ??????????; ?

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:???????? ????????, ???????????? ? ???????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????;

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:??????????? ? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ????ѣ???? ???????? ? ??????????;

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:???????? ?????????????;

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:????ѣ????? ??????????,

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:??????? ????????-???????????, ????????????, ????????????? ? ??????????????, ? ??????, ? ??????, ? ??????.

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Titles for Russian Tsar's family

Tsaritsa (??????) is the term used for an Empress, though in English contexts this seems invariably to be altered to tsarina. In the Imperial Russia, the official title was Empress (???????????). Tsaritsa (Empress) could be either the ruler herself or the wife (Empress consort) of tsar.

Related Topics:
Tsaritsa - Empress - Imperial Russia - Empress consort

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Tsesarevich (?????????) (literally, "son of the tsesar") is the term for a male heir apparent, the full title was Heir Tsesarevich ("Naslednik Tsesarevich", ????????? ?????????), informally abbreviated in Russia to The Heir ("Naslednik") (from the capital letter).

Related Topics:
Tsesarevich - Male - Heir apparent

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Tsarevich (???????) was the term for a son. In older times the term was used in place of "Tsesarevich" (?????????). A son who was not a heir was formally called Velikii Kniaz (??????? ?????) (Grand Duke). The latter title was also used for grandsons (through male lines).

Related Topics:
Kniaz - Grand Duke

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Tsarevna (???????) was the term for a daughter and a granddaughter of a Tsar or Tsaritsa. The official title was Velikaya Kniaginya (??????? ???????), translated as Grand Duchess or Grand Princess.

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See also Grand Duchess for more details on the Velikaya Kniaginya title.

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Tsesarevna (?????????) was the wife of the Tsesarevich.

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