Transistor

The transistor is a solid state semiconductor device which can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and many other functions. It acts as a variable valve which, based on its input voltage, controls the current drawn by it from a connected voltage supply.

Gallery

A wide range of transistors has been available since the 1960s and manufacturers continually introduce improved types. A few examples from the main families are noted below. Unless otherwise stated, all types are made from silicon semiconductor. Complementary pairs are shown as NPN/PNP or N/P channel. Links go to manufacturer datasheets, which are in PDF format. (On some datasheets the accuracy of the stated transistor category is a matter of debate.)

Related Topics:
1960s - PDF

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• 2N3904/2N3906, BC182/BC212 and BC546/BC556: BJT, general-purpose, low-power, complementary pairs. They have plastic cases and cost roughly ten cents U.S. in small quantities, making them popular with hobbyists, and nearly ubiquitous.
• BFP183: Low power, 8 GHz microwave NPN BJT.
• LM394: So-called 'supermatch pair', with two NPN BJTs on a single substrate.
• 2N2219A/2N2905A: BJT, general purpose, medium power, complementary pair. With metal cases they are rated at about one watt.
• 2N3055/MJ2955: For years, the venerable NPN 2N3055 has been the standard 'power transistor'. Its complement, the PNP MJ2955 arrived later. These 1 MHz, 15 A, 60 V, 115 W BJTs are used in audio power amplifiers, power supplies and control.
• 2SC3281/2SA1302: Made by Toshiba to have low-distortion characteristics, these are used in high-power audio amplifiers. They have been widely counterfeitedhttp://sound.westhost.com/counterfeit.htm.
• BU508: NPN, 1500V power BJT. Designed for television horizontal deflection, its high voltage capability also finds use in ignition systems.
• MJ11012/MJ11015: 30A, 120V, 200W, high power Darlington complementary pair BJTs. Used in audio amplifiers and control and power switching.
• 2N5457/2N5460: JFET, general purpose, low power, complementary pair.
• BSP296/BSP171: IGFET, medium power, near complementary pair. Used for logic level conversion and driving power transistors in amplifiers.
• IRF3710/IRF5210 IGFET (enhancement mode), 40A, 100V, 200W, near complementary pair. For high-power amplifiers and power switches, especially in automobiles.