Tonality

Tonality is a system of writing music according to certain hierarchical pitch relationships around a "center" or tonic. The term tonalité was borrowed from Castil-Blaze (1821, François Henri Joseph Blaze) by François-Joseph Fétis in 1840 (Reti, 1958; Judd, 1998; Dahlhaus). The term is often used synonymously with major/minor tonality; however, in more recent theory, the term is used more broadly to encompass a number of systems of musical organization.

References

• Schenker, Heinrich Free Composition
• Schoenberg, Arnold The Law of Harmony
• Rameau Phillipe Treatise on Harmony
• Perle, George Twelve-Tone Tonality

Jim Samson (1977) suggests the following discussions of tonality as defined by Fétis, Helmhotz, Riemann, D'Indy, Adler, Yasser, and others:

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• Beswick, Delbert M. The Problem of Tonality in Seventeenth Century Music, p.1-29.
• Shirlaw, Matthew Theory of Harmony (1955)
• Reti, Rudolph (1958). Tonality, Atonality, Pantonality: A study of some trends in twentieth century music. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313204780.
• Harrison, Lou (1992). Entune. Contemporary Music Review 6 (2), 9-10
• Cope, David (1997). Techniques of the Contemporary Composer, p.12. New York, New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0028647378.
• Judd, Cristle Collins (1998). "Introduction:Analyzing Early Music", Tonal Structures of Early Music (ed. Judd). New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0815323883.
• Dahlhaus, Carl. Gjerdingen, Robert O. trans. (1990). Studies in the Origin of Harmonic Tonality. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691091358.
• Joseph Fétis, (1722). Traité complet de la théorie et de la pratique de l'harmonie contenant la doctrine de la science et de l'art, 2d ed., p.166. Brussels and Paris.
• Castile-Blaze, (1821). Dictionnaire de musique moderne. Paris: Au magazin de musique de la Lyre moderne.
• Hugo Riemann, cited in Gurlitt, W. (1950). "Hugo Riemann (1849-1919)".
• Hauptmann, Moritz (1853). Die Natur der Harmonik und der Metrik, p.21. Leipzig.
• Rameau, Jean-Philippe (1737). Génération harmonique, ou Traité de musique théorique et pratique. Paris.
• Samson, Jim (1977). Music in Transition: A Study of Tonal Expansion and Atonality, 1900-1920. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393021939.
• Delbert M. Beswick (1950). The Problem of Tonality in Seventeenth Century Music, Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Carolina