Timeline of trends in music (1800-1899)

1801
The Easy Instructor by William Smith and William Little is published for choral schools, leading to the shape note tradition
1802
The Garifunas arrive in Belize (then British Honduras) and soon develop paranda music
1803
Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, the Eroica, marks the beginning of the Romantic period
"San Pasqual Bailón," the earliest surviving Cuban contradanza appears
1806
Juan Domingo Juarros, a Spanish historian, writes the first written description of the marimba in his Compendium of the History of Guatemala
1807
Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 is written; this is perhaps the most popular classical symphony ever
1808
The quadrille is introduced to England
1814
The metronome is invented
1817
Congo Square in New Orleans becomes a hotbed of musical fusionism, uniting dances from across North America and the Caribbean
1820
Organization opposition by whites to Congo Square leads to a decline in the institution
1821
Der Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber debuts, marking the beginning of his primacy in German opera
1826
The Slave Consolidation Act reaffirms the ban on Barbadian slaves using the horn or drums, or participating in dances
1829
The accordion is invented in Vienna
Fado may have existed in Brazil
c. 1830
"Jump Jim Crow" by Thomas Rice becomes popular in the United States
The growth of Carnival in Trinidad begins, leading to the development of calypso music
The Great Awakening (a religious revival) sweeps the United States, inspiring slaves to use their own vocal styles with English hymns; these songs are called negro spirituals
The shape note tradition becomes popular in the American South
1834
Anna Slezak, a peasant girl in Labska Tynice in Eastern Bohemia is credited with the invention of the polka, based off the folk song "Strycek Nimra Koupil Simla"
c. 1835
Lundu is developed in Brazil
Polka is introduced to ballrooms in Prague
Tamburitza is developed into increasingly complex forms in Croatia
1835
The first music conservatory in Switzerland opens in Geneva
Elias Lönnrot's collection of runolaulu traditional Finnish song, the Kalevala is first published
1836
"La Pimienta" is the earliest habanera
Maria Severa's performance of a fado for the Comte de Vimisio causes him to fall in love with her and an ensuing public controversy; this is the earliest certain example of fado's existence
1838
Indians begin arriving in the Caribbean, especially Trinidad, in large numbers
Slavery is ended in Barbados, and former slaves begin to use music again, more openly
1839
Barzaz-Breizh, the first collection of Breton folk song, is published
"Te voglio bene assaie" is written; this is often said to be the beginning of canzone napoletana
1840
Harmonium invented
Raab, a teacher, popularizes the polka in Paris after performing at the Odéon Theatre
c. 1840
The danza is invented in Puerto Rico
The banjo becomes popular in the United States due to the minstrel show
1841
Adolphe Sax invents the saxophone
1844
B. F. White and E. J. King publish The Sacred Harp, the foundation for modern Sacred Harp music
1848
The Kalevala, a collection of traditional Finnish runolaulu, inspires a rise in Finnish nationalism
c. 1850
UPA moves from Cuba and Puerto Rico to other Caribbean islands, most importantly Hispaniola
Minstrel shows become a major part of Australian music during the gold rush
1852
Fredrik Pacius publishes the first Finnish opera
The earliest known appearance of mariachi music in Mexico
1854
Franz Liszt invents the symphonic poem
1859
The Russian Music Society is founded to encourage appreciation of classical music, especially from Germany; composers and brothers Antonin and Nikolay Rubinstein were among the most influential figures of this period.
c.1860
Brass bands begin their period of innovation and popularization in the United States
Sebastian Yradier's "La Paloma" leads to greater popularity for the habanera in Mexico and the United States
1860
Indian musicians move to the royal court in Kabul, Afghanistan, bringing their musical influences
The rise of the Pocomania and Revival Zion churches in Jamaica influences developing folk forms across the island
The bandoneon was invented in Germany
1865
Ernest Gagnon publishes the first collection of traditional Quebecois folk songs
1866
Celesta invented
1867
Slave Songs From the Southern United States is published and helps to set the stage for the popularization of African American music which enters the mainstream in the following century
1868
The Meiji Restoration revolutionizes and democratizes Japanese music
1869
The golden age of flamenco is usually said to begin
c. 1870
Christian missionaries bring gospel music to Australian Aborigines
Choro is invented in Rio de Janeiro
Tin Pan Alley begins to dominate popular music in the US
Danzon and rumba both evolve in Havana
1870
A Hindustani theater group, Elphinstone, comes to Colombo, and Hindustani theater and song soon dominates the island of Sri Lanka
1871
African-American spirituals are popular in Europe, even being played for Queen Victoria, who is said to have been moved to tears by the performance
1874
Society for Culture and Education is founded in Finland
1876
Richard Wagner's cycle of four operas, Der Ring des Nibelungen debuts at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus
1877
Thomas Edison invents the first machine to record sound
1878
N'Dusseldorf forms in Vienna, soon becoming the pioneers of modern schrammelmusik
1879
The Cuban danzon is first danced
1880
John Paine's In Spring is the first symphony published in the US
Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado premiers
Spanish zarzuela is introduced to the Philippines
The Canboulay Riots in Trinidad led to the British banning some forms of celebration during Carnival
c.1880
A gold rush prompts large-scale Caribbean immigration to Venezuela, leading to the development of a distinctive style of Trinidadian calypso referred to as Venezuelan calipso.
Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe begin a period of large-scale immigration to the United States, establishing North America as the hub of klezmer music
The Ghost Dance spreads from Paiute Native Americans in Nevada to other tribes across the United States
Auvergnat bal-musette is popular in Paris
Miguel Failde helps invent habanera music out of danzón
1882
Jewish immigration to what is now Israel begins
1884
The danzon becomes popular in Mexico
1888
Charles Ives' Variations on America is the first polytonal piece of music
1889
The highly influential and popular Barbadian police band is formed
c. 1890
Jean Sibelius' Kullervo inspires a rise in Finnish nationalism, greatly influencing music in his native land
The sabha (paying classical concert performances) associations begin to shift from music into dance
The accordion is introduced to Mexico by Bohemian immigrants
Uilleann pipes are introduced to Ireland in their modern form
Augusto Hilario pioneers student fado at Coimbra University
1892
Tin Pan Alley, the area around Union Square in New York City, becomes the center for sheet music publishing in the United States
1895
The National Czecho-Slavonic Ethnographical Exhibition is held in Prague, leading to a revival of traditional music and nationalist pride
Béla Vikár makes the first recordings of Hungarian folk music
Perhaps the first modern jazz band, the Spasm Band, performs in New Orleans
1896
Ragtime and cakewalk are popularized in the United States
Nicholas Bennett's Alawon Fy Nghwlad, a compilation of traditional Welsh songs, is published; this, along with the formation of London-based Welsh Societies, is part of a revival of Welsh folk music
1897
Ethnographer Rybakov S.G. writes Music and Songs of the Ural's Muslims and Studies of Their Way of Life, the first scholarly description of Bashkir music
1898
F. Myers made some of the first field recordings ever in Papua New Guinea
1899
Mariachi bands begin playing at weddings in Jalisco, Mexico
Komitas Vardapet, already known for introducing polyphony to Armenia, begins collecting local folk songs
The Lithuanian nationalist society Daina is formed

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