Thyroid

In anatomy, the thyroid is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It is situated on the front side of the neck at the level of C5 and T1 vertebral bodies, just below the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple), near the thyroid cartilage over the trachea but covered by layers of skin and muscle. The thyroid is quite large for an endocrine gland - 15-40 grams in adults- and butterfly-shaped: the wings correspond to the lobes and the body to the isthmus of the thyroid. Normally it is larger during menstruation and in pregnant women.

Diseases and conditions of the thyroid gland

The most common diseases of the thyroid:

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• Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
• Hashimoto's Disease/Thyroiditis
• Graves' Disease
• Thyroiditis (non-autoimmune in nature)
• Post-partum thyroiditis
• Ord's thyroiditis
• Silent thyroiditis
• Acute thyroiditis
• Nodular Thyroid Disease
• Toxic thyroid nodule
• Thyroid Cancer
• Papillary
• Follicular
• Medullary
• Anaplastic

The most common conditions of the thyroid:

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• Hypothyroidism
• Resulting from autoimmune disease
• Postoperative hypothyroidism
• Iatrogenic hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Resulting from autoimmune disease
• Iatrogenic hyperthyroidism
• Goitre
• Endemic goitre
• Diffuse goitre
• Multinodular goitre
• Other
• Hashitoxicosis
• Thyroid Storm
• Lingual Thyroid
• Thryoglossal Duct Cyst