Thioester

Thioesters are compounds resulting from the bonding of sulfur with an acyl group (an alkyl group attached to a carbon-oxygen double bond), with the general formula R-S-CO-R'.

Related Topics:
Sulfur - Acyl - Alkyl - Double bond

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Another class of compound is also known as a thioester, these are esters in which the ester carbonyl oxygen has been replaced with a sulfur. Such compounds can be made by the reaction of Lawesson's reagent with esters.

Related Topics:
Ester - Sulfur - Lawesson's reagent

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Some biochemists believe that the thioester bond was critical for the origin of life. One Nobel Prize winning scientist, Belgium's Christian de Duve, posits a "Thioester World" which preceded and developed into an "RNA World", itself the immediate precursor to the appearance of entities we would call organisms.

Related Topics:
Origin of life - Nobel Prize - Christian de Duve - RNA World - Organism

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As de Duve explains:

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:A thioester forms when a sulfhydryl (whose general form is written as an organic group, R, bonded with sulfur and hydrogen, hence R-SH) joins with a carboxylic acid (R'-COOH). A molecule of water (H2O) is released in the process, and what remains is a thioester: R-S-CO-R'. ...

Related Topics:
Sulfhydryl - Carboxylic acid - Water

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:The thioester bond is what biochemists call a high-energy bond, equivalent to the phosphate bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main supplier of energy in all living organisms. ...

Related Topics:
Biochemists - Adenosine triphosphate

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:It is revealing that thioesters are obligatory intermediates in several key processes in which ATP is either used or regenerated. Thioesters are involved in the synthesis of all esters, including those found in complex lipids. They also participate in the synthesis of a number of other cellular components, including peptides, fatty acids, sterols, terpenes, porphyrins and others. In addition, thioesters are formed as key intermediates in several particularly ancient processes that result in the assembly of ATP. In both these instances, the thioester is closer than ATP to the process that uses or yields energy. In other words, thioesters could have actually played the role of ATP in a thioester world initially devoid of ATP. Eventually, thioesters could have served to usher in ATP through its ability to support the formation of bonds between phosphate groups.

Related Topics:
Ester - Lipid - Peptide - Fatty acid - Sterol - Terpene - Porphyrin - Phosphate group

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