The Dearborn Independent

The Dearborn Independent was a newspaper published by Henry Ford from 1919 through 1927. It was noted for its sensationalist content, including many anti-Semitic references, and its publication of the fraudulent Protocols of the Elders of Zion.

Related Topics:
Henry Ford - 1919 - 1927 - Anti-Semitic references - Protocols of the Elders of Zion

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In 1918, Ford negotiated to buy the Independent from Marcus Woodruff, who had been running it unprofitably. The initial staff of the newspaper included E.G. Pipp, previously managing editor of the Detroit News, writers William G. Cameron (also formerly of the News) and Marcus Woodruff, and Fred Black as business manager.

Related Topics:
1918 - Detroit News

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The paper was printed on a used press purchased by Ford and installed in Ford's tractor plant in the Rouge. Publication was inaugurated in January 1919. The paper initially attracted national attention in June 1919 with coverage of the libel lawsuit between Henry Ford and the Chicago Tribune, as the stories written by Pipp and Cameron were picked up nationally.

Related Topics:
Ford's tractor plant in the Rouge - 1919 - Chicago Tribune

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The paper began publishing The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in 1920, along with other articles reflecting some of Ford's reactionary views. Ford objected to immigration, banking, liquor, and labor unions as well as Jews. A collection of some of the articles was published as The International Jew.

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Ford did not write, but expressed his opinions verbally to his executive secretary, Ernest Liebold, and William Cameron. Cameron replaced Pipp as editor in April 1920 when Pipp left in disgust with the planned anti-semitic articles, which began in May. Cameron had the main responsibility for expanding these opinions into article form, although he did not agree with them. Liebold was responsible for collecting more material to support the articles.

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The paper reached a circulation of 900,000 by 1925, largely due to promotion by dealers due to a quota system. Lawsuits regarding the anti-Semitic material caused Ford to fold the paper, the last issue being published in December 1927.

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