Television program

A television program is the content of television broadcasting. The content of an individual broadcast may be referred to as a television program (U.S., Canada, and Australia), television programme (UK, NZ, and Ireland) or television show. A program may be a one-off broadcast or, more usually, part of a periodically returning television series. A television series that is intended to air a finite number of episodes is usually called a miniseries. Americans call a short run lasting less than a year a season; Europeans call this a series. This season or series usually consists of 10–24 installments of the series. A single instance of a program is called an episode, although this is sometimes also called a "show" or "program." A one-off broadcast may be called a "special." A television movie is a movie that is initially aired on television rather than being released in cinemas or direct-to-video, although many successful television movies are later released on video.

How programs are made

:What follows is the standard procedure for shows on network television in the United States.

Related Topics:
Network - United States

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Someone (called the show creator) comes up with the idea for a new television series. This consists of the concept, the characters, usually some crew, and sometimes some big-name actors. They pitch it to the various television networks, hoping to find one that's interested. If a network is interested, they will order a pilot (a prototype first episode of the series).

Related Topics:
Actors - Television network - Pilot - Prototype

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To create the pilot, the structure and team of the whole series needs to be put together. If the network likes the pilot, they will pick up the show for their next season (UK: series). Sometimes they'll save it for midseason or summer. And other times they'll pass entirely, leaving the show's creator forced to shop it around to other networks. Many shows never make it past the pilot stage.

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If the show is picked up, a run of episodes is ordered. Usually only 13 episodes are ordered at first, although a series will typically last for at least 22 episodes (the last nine episodes sometimes being known as the back nine, borrowing a term from golf).

Related Topics:
Back nine - Golf

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The show hires a stable of writers, who usually work in parallel: the first writer works on the first episode, the second on the second episode, and so forth. When all of the writers have been used, the assignment of episodes continues starting with the first writer again. On other shows, however, the writers work as a team. Sometimes they will develop story ideas individually, and pitch them to the show's creator, who then folds them together into a script and rewrites them.

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The executive producer, often the show's creator, is in charge of running the show. They pick crew and cast (subject to approval by the network), approve and often write series plots, and sometimes write and direct major episodes. A whole host of other producers of various names work under him or her, to make sure the show is always running smoothly.

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Once the script for a show is written, a director is found for the episodes. The director's job is to turn the words of the script into film. They decide how scenes should be staged and where the cameras should be placed; they also often coach the actors, including any guest stars who may be in the particular episode. On television shows, directors are often interchangeable, mainly serving the dictates of the writer.

Related Topics:
Director - Camera - Actor - Guest star

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A director of photography takes care of making the show look good, doing things with lighting and so on.

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Finally, an editor cuts the various pieces of film together, adds the musical score, and assembles the completed show.

Related Topics:
Editor - Musical score

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The show is then turned over to the network, which sends it out to its affiliates, which air it in the specified timeslot. If the Nielsen Ratings are good, the show is kept alive as long as possible. If not, the show is usually cancelled. The show's creators are then left to shop around remaining episodes, and the possibility of future episodes, to other networks. On especially successful series, the producers sometimes call a halt to a series on their own like M*A*S*H and end it with a concluding episode which sometimes is a big production called a series finale.

Related Topics:
Affiliate - Nielsen Rating - M*A*S*H - Series finale

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If the show is popular or lucrative, and a number of episodes (usually 100 episodes or more) are made, it goes into syndication where broadcast rights are then resold.

Related Topics:
100 episodes - Syndication

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