Tatars

Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar/????????) is a collective name applied to the Turkic people of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The name is derived from Ta-ta or Dada, a Mongolian tribe that inhabited present Northeast Mongolia in the 5th cent A.D. First used to describe the peoples that overran parts of Asia and Europe under Mongol leadership in the 13th century A.D., it was later extended to include almost any Asian nomadic invader, whether from Mongolia or the fringes of Western Asia. Before the 1920s Russians used the name Tatar to designate a numerous peoples from the Azerbaijani Turks to tribes of the Siberia.

Caucasian Tatars

These are Tatars who inhabit the upper Kuban, the steppes of the lower Kuma and the Kura, and the Araks. In the 19th century they numbered about 1,350,000. This number includes a number of Kazan Tatar oil workers who came to the Caucasus from the Middle Volga in the end of the 19th century.

Related Topics:
Kuban - Steppe - Kuma - Kura - Araks - 19th century

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Now this term is used to describe Volga Tatars, settled in Caucasus. Other explanations, like followers, can be found only in historical context.

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Nogais on the Kuma

The Nogais on the Kuma River show traces of a mixture with Kalmucks. They are nomads, supporting themselves by cattle-breeding and fishing; a few are agriculturists.

Related Topics:
Nogais - Kuma River - Kalmucks

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Today Nogais is an independent ethnos, living in the North of Dagestan, where they lives after Nogai Horde's defeating in was against Russia and settling Kalmyks in their lands in 17th century. Nogais was replaced to Black Lands in the North of Daghestan. Another part merged with Kazakhs.

Related Topics:
Dagestan - Nogai Horde - Russia - Kalmyks - Daghestan - Kazakh

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In 16th century Nogais supperted Crimean Khanate and Ottoman Empire, but sometimes robed Crimean, Kazan Tatar and Bashkir lands, even they rulers supported them. In 16th-17th century some defensive walls was constructed in modern Tatarstan and Samara Oblast.

Related Topics:
Crimean Khanate - Ottoman Empire - Crimea - Kazan - Bashkir - Tatarstan - Samara Oblast

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One of the Kazan Tatars national heros, Söyembikä, was ethnically Nogai.

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Today Nogais are not included to Tatars term, Nogais are independent ethnos.

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Qundra Tatars

Some groups of Nogais emigrated to Middle Volga, where were (are) assimilated by Volga Tatars (in terms of language).

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Karachays

The Karachays who number 18,500 in the upper valleys about Elburz live by agriculture.

Related Topics:
Karachays - Elburz

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Today Karachays are the independent ethnos, one of the main nation in Karachay-Cherkessia.

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Mountain Tatars

The mountain Tatars number about 850,000 (1911), and they are divided into many tribes and of an origin still undetermined, and are scattered throughout Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and Dagestan.

Related Topics:
Azerbaijan - Armenia - Georgia - Dagestan

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They are certainly of a mixed origin, and present a variety of ethnological types, all the more so as all who are neither Armenians nor Russians, nor belong to any distinct Caucasian tribe, are often called Tatars (for example, in the 19th century Chechens were often called Tatars by Russians). Some of these people are not even Turkic, mountain Tatars thus being more of an umbrella term. As a rule, they are well built and little behind their Caucasian brethren. They are celebrated for their excellence as gardeners, agriculturists, cattle-tenders and artisans. Although most fervent Shi'ites, they are on very good terms both with their Sunnite and Russian Orthodox neighbours. Mountain Tatars is an umbrella term denoting a variety of

Related Topics:
Chechens - Shi'ites - Sunnite

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Today the term Mountain Tatars is obsolete, and all the peoples have their own names.

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See

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• Balkars
• Kumyks
• Ossetians
• Circassians