Tafsir

A tafsir ( (Arabic: ????? )tafsīr, also transliterated tafseer, Arabic "explanation") is Qur'anic exegesis or commentary. Someone who writes tafsir is a mufassir ( (Arabic: ???? ) mufassir, plural (Arabic: ?????? ) mufassirīn).

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The five sources for commentary of the Qur'an are:

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• The Qur'an. This is the highest form of tafsir, because the Qu'ran explains itself.
• The Hadith. Muslims believe that the Prophet Muhammad was sent to explain and clarify the Qur'an to people. The books of the Hadith contain much tafsir of the Qur'an, under titles such as "Meaning of Qur'anic verses". This is the second highest form of tafsir, because the Prophet of God is explaining it.
• The reports of the Sahaba. The Sahaba, or Companions of the Prophet Muhammad, knew the Prophet and would have better insight into the Qur'an. If there is a consensus of the Companions on a certain verse, then that consensus is followed. If there is no consensus, scholars interpret the verse using set principles.
• The reports of those who learned from the companions. These people grew up in an environment with people who had known the Prophet, so their insight is the next in line of the sources of tafsir.
• Reason. The use of reason (deductive logic and evaluation of arguments) is the final method of understanding the Qur'an.

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Qur'an: The Qur'an ( al-qur'ān literally "the recitation"; also called Al Qur'ān Al Karīm or "The Noble Qur'an"; or transliterated Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. It is a tenet of Islam that the Qur'an is the literal word of God in Arabic and the culminati...