Susan Polgar

Zsuzsa Polgár (born April 19, 1969 in Budapest, Hungary), is among the strongest female chess players in history, having been the ninth Women's World Chess Champion from 1996 until 1999. She currently lives in the United States and has Anglicized her name to Susan Polgar to make it easier for English-speakers to pronounce.

Related Topics:
April 19 - 1969 - Budapest - Hungary - Chess - World Chess Champion - United States - Anglicized

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Along with her two younger sisters, she was coached in chess by her father, Laszlo Polgar. Despite restrictions on her freedom to play in international tournaments, by 1984 Zsuzsa had become the top-rated female chess player in the world. However, in November of that year FIDE (with the pressure from the Soviet federation which did not want to see a non-Soviet to be ranked #1) decided to grant 100 bonus ELO rating points to all active female players except her, knocking her out of the top spot in the January, 1987 ratings list. The rationale was that Polgar had earned her rating primarily playing against men, whereas other female chess players had deflated ratings from playing in women-only tournaments. The statistical evidence supporting this decision was highly suspect because the data on which it was based was a small subset of the available data. No similar interference with ratings has occurred since.

Related Topics:
Two younger sisters - Laszlo Polgar - 1984 - FIDE - ELO rating points - 1987

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In January 1991, Polgar became the first woman to earn the men's Grandmaster title by achieving three GM norms and rating over 2500. (Nona Gaprindashvili and Maia Chiburdanidze had earlier been granted the title honorarily by virtue of being Women's World Champions). Zsuzsa's younger sister Judit earned the title of Grandmaster later in December 1991.

Related Topics:
1991 - Grandmaster - Nona Gaprindashvili - Maia Chiburdanidze - Women's World Champions - Judit

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In 1992, (as the underdog to her sister Judit who was ranked #1 in the world) Zsuzsa won both the Women's World Blitz and Rapid Championship ahead of her sisters Judit and Sofia as well as many other top women players in the world.

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In 1996, Zsuzsa Polgar won the classical Women's World Championship, her 4th World Championship title. She is the only World Champion (male or female) to win the triple crown in chess (World Blitz, Rapid and Classical World Championships). FIDE had difficulty finding a sponsor for Polgar's title defense two years later, and ultimately arranged it in 1999 under conditions Polgar objected to, first because she demanded at least six months to recuperate and prepare after bearing her first child, and secondly because the match was to be held entirely in China, the home country of her challenger Xie Jun.

Related Topics:
1996 - 1999 - China - Xie Jun

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When Polgar refused to play under these conditions, FIDE stripped her of her title. Polgar sued in the Court of Arbitration for Sports in Lausanne, Switzerland for monetary damages and the restoration of her title. In March of 2001 the court ruled in favor of Polgar, ordering FIDE to pay Polgar $25,000 in damages. However, since a new World Champion was crowned, FIDE cannot restore her title.

Related Topics:
Court of Arbitration for Sports - Lausanne, Switzerland - 2001

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In 1997 Polgar published the autobiographical book Queen of the King's Game.

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The United States Chess Federation named Polgar "Grandmaster of the Year" in 2003, the first time a woman has won that honor. In that same year (2003), Polgar also became the first woman to win the strongest US Open Blitz Championship ever, a field which included 7 grandmasters. She did not compete in 2004 but won the title again for the second time in 2005.

Related Topics:
United States Chess Federation - 2003

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As of September 2005, Polgar lives in New York City, where she runs the Polgar Chess Center, primarily to encourage young girls and boys in their pursuit of chess. She played on the United States women's team at the 2004 Chess Olympiad held in October in Majorca, Spain, and won the gold medal for highest performance rating in the women's event and most point scores. She has a total of 10 Olympiad Medals (5 Gold, 4 Silver and 1 Bronze). In addition, she has a 56 consecutive Olympiad game scoring streak without a single loss (this is comparable to Joe DiMaggio's incredible 56-game hitting streak in baseball). In fact, she has never lost a single game in the Olympiads.

Related Topics:
2005 - New York City - United States - 2004 Chess Olympiad - Majorca - Spain

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On the April 2005 FIDE list, Polgar had an Elo rating of 2577, which made her the number two female player in the world behind her sister Judit. She was the #1 female player in the world at age 15 and has remained in the top 3 for the past 20 consecutive years.

Related Topics:
FIDE - Elo rating

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In July 2005, Polgar broke four international records at a single match played in Palm Beach, Florida, including: largest numbers of simultaneous games played (326, with 309 won, 14 drawn and 3 lost); consecutive games played (1,131); highest number of games won; and highest percentage of wins (96.93%).

Related Topics:
July - 2005 - Palm Beach, Florida

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Susan Polgar speaks seven languages fluently, including Esperanto, German, Russian, Spanish, English, Hungarian, and Hebrew.

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She is one of the best-selling chess authors in the world. Her current books include World Champion's Guide to Chess, Chess Tactics for Champions, Breaking Through and Teach Yourself Chess in 24 Hours. Susan is also an award-winning chess journalist with columns in Chess Life, ChessCafe, Chess Horizons, Georgia Chess, Empire Chess, School Mates, etc. She has also released a series of 6 instructional chess DVDs.

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