Substance abuse

Substance abuse refers to the overindulgence in and dependence on a stimulant, depressant, or other chemical substance, leading to effects that are detrimental to the individual's physical or mental health, or the welfare of others.{{fn|1}}

Notes

• {{fnb|1}}(1998). Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary. Edition 5.
• {{fnb|2}}Pham-Kanter, Genevieve. (2001). "Substance abuse and dependence." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Second Edition. Jacqueline L. Longe, Ed. 5 vols. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.
• {{fnb|3}}American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition). Washington, DC.