Stuttering

Stuttering (commonly known as stammering in the UK and scientifically known as dysphemia) is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is frequently disrupted by repetitions (sounds, syllables, words or phrases), pauses and prolongations that differ both in frequency and severity from those of normally fluent individuals. The term stuttering is most commonly associated with involuntary sound repetition, but it also encompasses the abnormal hesitation or pausing before speech, referred to by stutterers as blocks, and the prolongation of certain sounds, usually vowels. Much of what constitutes "stuttering" cannot be observed by the listener; this includes such things as sound and word fears, situational fears, anxiety, tension, shame, and a feeling of "loss of control" during speech. The emotional state of the individual who stutters in response to the stuttering often constitutes the most difficult aspect of the disorder.

Resources

Notes

• {{Book reference | Author=Starkweather, C. Woodruff | Title=Stuttering | Publisher=PRO-ED | Year=1997 | ID=ISBN 0890796998}}
• {{Web reference | title=The Stuttering Home Page | work=The University of Minnesota Duluth Stuttering Home Page | URL=http://www.d.umn.edu/~cspiller/stutteringpage/stuttindex.html | date=March 28 | year=2005}}
• {{Web reference | title=Stuttering Homepage | work=Minnesota State University Stuttering Homepage | URL=http://www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/stutter.html | date=March 23 | year=2005}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Conture, Edward G. | Title=Stuttering | Publisher=Prentice Hall | Year=1990 | ID=ISBN 0138536317}}
• - This largely speculative, based on the passage "Lord, open my breast, and do Thou ease for me my task, Unloose the knot upon my tongue, that they may understand my words." Some interpret the analogy of a knot upon his tongue to refer to a stutter
• {{Web reference | title=Folk Myths About Stuttering | work=Folk Myths About Stuttering | URL=http://www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/Infostuttering/folkmyths.html | date=April 3 | year=2005}}
• {{Web reference | title=Public Perceptions 2002 | work=Public Perceptions of stuttering | URL=http://www.d.umn.edu/~cspiller/stutteringpage/publicperceptions02.html | date=April 3 | year=2005}}
• {{Web reference | title=Stuttering FAQ | work=Stuttering Foundation of America | URL=http://www.stuttersfa.org/faq.htm | date=April 4 | year=2005}}
• {{Journal reference | Author= Susan Chollar | Title=Stuttering: the parental influence | Journal=Psychology Today | Year= December, 1988 | Volume=? | Pages=?}}
• {{Web reference | title=Churchill: A Study in Oratory | work=The Churhill Centre | URL=http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=814 | date=April 5 | year=2005}}
• Carvel, John (June 4, 1999). Stammerers targeted by school bullies. Guardian Unlimited

References

• {{Book reference | Author=Starkweather, C. Woodruff | Title=Stuttering | Publisher=PRO-ED | Year=1997 | ID=ISBN 0890796998}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Conture, Edward G. | Title=Stuttering | Publisher=Prentice Hall | Year=1990 | ID=ISBN 0138536317}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Compton, D. G. | Title=Stammering : its nature, history, causes and cures | Publisher=Hodder & Stoughton | Year=1993 | ID=ISBN 0340562749}}

External links

Stuttering Associations:

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• Brazilian Stuttering Association
• British Stammering Association
• Canadian Association for People Who Stutter
• European League of Stuttering Associations
• International Stuttering Association
• Passing Twice (LGBT stuttering network)
• Slovene Association of People with Speech Disorder

Other pages:

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• The Stuttering Brain blog - a blog by Tom Weidig dedicated to scientific research on Persistent Developmental Stuttering
• University of Minnesota-Duluth Stuttering Homepage
• The Stuttering Homepage
• American Institute for Stuttering
• Danish Stuttering Information Center
• Information for Listeners - What to do and what to know when speaking with a person who stutters
• Reactions to electronic fluency devices
• University of Minnesota-Duluth Stuttering Homepage - Public Perceptions 2002 - A study on public knowledge of stuttering
• 'How My Stuttering Ended' Personal narrative, by Miriam Mondlin, Aesthetic Realism consultant.
• Online Transcription Training Course for stuttering and fluent speech - Transcriptions of stuttering with audio samples
• 12 Information about diagnosing a stutter in children
• Valsava.org - Information of the Valsava mechanism and the training of it
• Stutteing Research and Comment from Researchers at ECU