Sturmabteilung

The {{Audio|De-Sturmabteilung.ogg|Sturmabteilung}} (SA, German for "Storm Division" and is usually translated as stormtroops or stormtroopers) functioned as a paramilitary organisation of the NSDAP – the German Nazi party. It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1930s. SA men were often known as brownshirts from the colour of their uniform and to distinguish them from the SS who were known as blackshirts.

References

• Why Hitler?: The Genesis of the Nazi Reich by Samuel W. Mitcham (pg 139; Praeger, 1996, ISBN 0275954854).
• Political Violence and The Rise of Nazism : The Storm Troopers in Eastern Germany, 1925-1934 by Richard Bessel (Yale University Press, 1984, ISBN 0300031718).
• The Brown Battalions: Hilter's SA in Words and Pictures translated and edited by Nicholas H. Hatch (Turner, 2000, ISBN 1563115956).
• The SA Generals and The Rise of Nazism by Bruce Campbell (University Press of Kentucky, 1998, ISBN 0813120470).
• Stormtroopers: A Social, Economic, and Ideological Analysis, 1929-35 by Conan Fischer (Allen & Unwin, 1983, ISBN 0049430289).
• Collectors Guide to SA Insignia by James David Fuller (Matthäus Publishers, Postal Instant Press, 1985, ISBN 0931065046).
• ' by Jill Halcomb (Crown/Agincourt Publishers, 1985, ISBN 0934870136).
• The Making of a Stormtrooper by Peter H. Merkl (Princeton University Press, 1980, ISBN 0691076200).
• The Development of the SA in Nürnberg, 1922-1934 by Eric G. Reiche (Cambridge University Press, 1986, ISBN 0521306388).