Steel

:See Steel (disambiguation) for other uses.

Production methods

• Crucible technique or puddling - the original steel making technique, developed in India as wootz, used in the Middle East as Damascus steel and independently redeveloped in Sheffield by Benjamin Huntsman in 1740, and Pavel Anosov in Russia in 1837.
• Bessemer process, the first commercial-scale steel production process
• Open hearth furnace
• Basic oxygen steelmaking
• Electric arc furnace a form of secondary steelmaking from scrap, though the process can also use direct-reduced iron