Standard Oil

Standard Oil (1863 - 1911) was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization. It was founded by John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) and partners in 1863, with the plan of making kerosene, which was sweeping the home lighting market, supplanting the commonly used whale oil (blubber). Borrowing heavily to expand his business, Rockefeller drew five big refineries including the business concern of Henry Morrison Flagler into one large firm, Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler. By 1868 Rockefeller and Company headed Standard Oil of Pennsylvania, based in Pittsburg, one of the world's largest oil refining concerns.

Successors

Successor companies to Standard Oil include:

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• Standard Oil of Ohio - or Sohio now part of BP
• Standard Oil of Indiana - or Stanolind, renamed Amoco (American Oil Co.) - now part of BP
• Standard Oil of New York - or Socony and merged with Vacuum - renamed Mobil, now part of ExxonMobil
• Standard Oil of New Jersey - or Esso (S.O. or Eastern States Standard Oil) - renamed Exxon, now part of ExxonMobil
• Standard Oil of California - or Socal - renamed Chevron
• Atlantic and Richfield - merged to form Atlantic Richfield or Arco - now part of BP - Atlantic operations spun off and bought by Sunoco
• Standard Oil of Kentucky - or Kyso was acquired by Standard Oil of California - currently Chevron
• Continental Oil Company - or Conoco now part of ConocoPhillips

Other Standard Oils:

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• Standard Oil of Iowa - pre 1911 - became Standard Oil of California
• Standard Oil of Minnesota - pre 1911 - bought by Standard Oil of Indiana
• Standard Oil of Illinois - pre 1911 - bought by Standard Oil of Indiana
• Standard Oil of Kansas - refining only, eventually bought by Indiana Standard
• Standard Oil of Missouri - pre 1911 - dissolved
• Standard Oil of Nebraska - eventually bought by Indiana Standard
• Standard Oil of Louisiana - always owned by Standard Oil of New Jersey (Esso)
• Standard Oil of Brazil - always owned by Standard Oil of New Jersey (now Esso)
• Standard Oil of Colorado - a scam to cash in on the Standard Oil brand in the 1930s
• Standard Oil of Connecticut - A fuel oil marketer in Connecticut not related to the Rockefeller companies