Shawnee

:For other meanings, see Shawnee (disambiguation).

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The Shawnee, or Shawano are a people native to North America. They originally inhabited the area of Ohio, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania.

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Origins

:It is suspected that the Shawnee, like other Algonkin speaking Tribes, originate from the area around Lake Winnipeg and were one of the first Tribes to move south.

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:Supposedly this migration was parallel to the one of the Delaware and Nanticoke during the 13th Century.

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:Eventually they settled down, in what is now known as their homeland, in southern Ohio and northern Kentucky.

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The white colonization

:During the French and Iroquois Wars of the 1660s, the Iroquois drove them south and west, into areas of southern Illinois and Indiana, the Tennessee river basin, and even as far south as North Carolina.

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:Due to pressure of the surrounding Tribes most of the Shawnee bands returned to their original homeland in Ohio by 1750.

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:After the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755 the Shawnee fought with the French during the early years of the French_and_Indian_War till they signed the Treaty of Easton in 1758.

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:When the french were defeated in 1763 the Shawnee joined Pontiac?s Rebellion against the British, which failed a year later.

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:They continued to fight against white settlers which flooded, without authorization by their own government (?) , into Shawnee homeland but during Dunmore's War in 1774 an anglo-american force defeated the Shawnees under chief Cornstalk at the Battle of Point Pleasant.

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:Between 1774 and 1779 large groups of Shawnee relocated to Missouri due to the pressure of white settlers.

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:In 1782 the Ohio Shawnee fought with Britain and other Native American tribes from the Ohio valley at the Battle of Blue Licks and defeated an American force under command of John Todd.

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:In the Northwest Indian War (Little Turtle's War) between the United States and a confederation of Native American tribes they provided together with the Miamis the greatest fighting force. After the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 most of the Shawnee bands signed the Treaty of Greenville a year later, in which large parts of their homeland were turned over to the United States. Other groups rejected this treaty and joined their brothers and sisters in Missouri which settled near Cape Girardeau.

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:By 1800 only the Chillicothe and Mequachake tribes remained in Ohio while the Hathawekela, Kispokotha, and Piqua had migrated to Missouri.

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:From 1805 on many Shawnees joined the pan-tribal movement of Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa, which led to Tecumseh's War and his death in 1812. This was the last vain attempt of the Shawnee nation to fight of the white man.

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After the war

:Several hundred Missouri Shawnee left the United States in 1815 together with some Delaware and settled down in Texas controlled by Spain at the time. This tribe became known as the Absentee Shawnee, they were once again expelled in 1839 after Texas had gained its indepedence three years earlier.

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:They settled down in Oklahoma close to present-day Shawnee and were joined in 1845 by Shawnee from Kansas which shared their traditionalist views and beliefs.

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:In 1817 the Ohio Shawnee signed the Treaty of Fort Meigs ceding their remaining lands in Ohio in exchange for three reservations in Wapaughkonetta, Hog Creek (near Ada) and Lewistown (here together with the Seneca).

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:Missouri joined the Union in 1821 and after the Treaty of St. Louis in 1825 the 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Cape Girardeau to south-east Kansas close to the Kansas_River. Only the Black Bob's band resisted, went south into Arkansas and settled down in north-eastern Kansas near Olathe during the year 1833.

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:Around 200 of the Ohio Shawnee followed the Prophet Tenskwatawa and joined their Kansas brothers and sisters in 1826, but the main body followed Black Hoof, who fought every effort to give up their Ohio homeland. In 1831 the Lewistown group of Seneca-Shawnee left for the Indian territory (present-day Oklahoma).

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:After the death of Black Hoof the remaining 400 Ohio Shawnee in Wapaughkonetta and Hog Creek surrendered their land and moved to the Shawnee Reserve in Kansas.

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:During the American Civil War the Black Bob's band fled from Kansas and joined the Absentee Shawnee in Oklahoma to escape the war.

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:After the war the Shawnee in Kansas were once again dispeled and moved to Oklahoma whereupon the Shawnee part of the former Lewistown group became known as the Eastern Shawnee and the former Missouri Shawnee became known as the Loyal Shawnee due to their allegiance with the Union during the war. The latter group was regarded as part of the Cherokee nation by the United States because of which they are also known as the Cherokee Shawnee.

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:Today the largest part of the Shawnee Nation still lives in Oklahoma.

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Native: The term native as an adjective or noun has the following meanings....

North America: North America is a continent in the northern hemisphere, bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of 9,355,000 square miles (24,230,000 square kilometers). In 2...

Ohio: Ohio is a Midwestern state in the northeastern corner of the United States. It was the first and eastern-most state in the Midwest admitted to the Union under the Northwest Ordinance. Its U.S. postal abbreviation is OH; its old-style abbreviation is O. Ohio is an Iroquois word meaning "great water....