Sharia


 

Sharia ({{lang-ar|?????}}; also Shar?'ah, Shari'a, Shariah or Syariah) is the Arabic word for Islamic law, also known as the Law of Allah. Islam classically draws no distinction between religious, and secular life. Hence Sharia covers not only religious rituals, but many aspects of day-to-day life, politics, economics, banking, business or contract law, and social issues. However, this orthodox view of Islamic law is opposed by a minority of modern secular liberal movements within Islam. The term Sharia itself derives from the verb shara'a, which according to 'Omar's Dictionary of the Holy Qur'an connects to the idea of "spiritual law" (5:48) and "system of divine law; way of belief and practice" (45:18) in the Qur'an.

Related Topics:
Allah - Islam - Secular - Liberal movements within Islam - Qur'an

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Mainstream Islam distinguishes between fiqh, which means 'understanding of details' and refers to the inferences drawn by scholars, and sharia, which refers to the principles that lie behind the fiqh. Scholars hope that fiqh and sharia are in harmony in any given case, but they cannot be sure.

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Sharia has certain laws which are regarded as divinely ordained, concrete and timeless for all relevant situations (for example, the ban against drinking liquor as an intoxicant). It also has certain laws which are extracted based on principles established by Islamic lawyers and judges (Mujtahidun). The sharia as interpreted by Islamic lawmakers is believed by Muslims to be merely a human approximation of the true Sharia, which is understood as the divine and eternal correct path.

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In deriving Sharia law, Islamic lawmakers are not, therefore, actually creating divinely correct or incorrect actions beyond question, but rather attempting to interpret divine principles. Hence Sharia in general is considered divine, but a lawyer's or judge's extraction or opinion on a given matter is not, though the process and intention to refer to Allah's law is divinely sanctioned. An Islamic lawyer or judge's attempts to rule according to Sharia, can be described as 'ruling by Sharia', but not beyond question.

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For Sunni Muslims, the primary sources of Islamic law are the Qur'an, the Hadith or directions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the unanimity of Muhammad's disciples on a certain issue (ijma), and Qiyas (drawing analogy from the essence of divine principles). Qiyas — various forms of reasoning, including by analogy — are used by the law scholars (Mujtahidun) to deal with situations where the sources provided no concrete rules. The consensus of the community or people, public interest, and others were also accepted as secondary sources where the first four primary sources allow.

Related Topics:
Sunni Muslims - Qur'an - Hadith - Muhammad - Ijma - Qiyas - Mujtahid

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In Imami-Shi'i law, the sources of law (usul al-fiqh) are the Qur'an, anecdotes of the Prophet's practices and those of the 12 Imams, and the intellect (aql). The practices called Sharia today, however, also have roots in local customs (Al-urf).

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Islamic jurisprudence is called fiqh and is divided into two parts: the study of the sources and methodology (usul al-fiqh - roots of the law) and the practical rules (furu' al-fiqh — branches of the law).

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Introduction
History and Background
Sections of Sharia law
Contemporary Practice of Sharia Law
Dietary laws
The role of women in Islam
Circumcision
Muslim apostates
Freedom of Speech
See also
External links
Opposing views

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Latest news on sharia

English law reigns supreme over sharia says Straw

The Lord Chancellor confirms that sharia 'courts' will remain subservient to common law. There is 'no room for parallel legal systems' and the law has not changed he says.

Somali stoned to death

A woman in Somalia is stoned to death after an Islamic Sharia law court finds her guilty of adultery.

Nigerian man jailed for idleness

An Islamic Sharia court in Nigerian sentences a 20-year-old man to six months in jail and 30 strokes of the cane after his father accused him of being lazy.

On Cunningham's radio show, Corsi touted dubious "documents" he claims will "prove" Obama "made a pact" with Odinga

During an appearance on the October 9 broadcast of The Bill Cunningham Show, Jerome Corsi, author of The Obama Nation: Leftist Politics and the Cult of Personality, claimed that he "came out of Kenya" with "documents" proving that Sen. Barack Obama "made a pact with this radical leftist politician [Kenyan Prime Minister Raila] Odinga who is perfectly happy to expand Islamic Sharia law in Kenya and have tribal violence to get power." Specifically, Corsi said: "Tomorrow, in WorldNetDaily, I'm going to publish Obama's email listing the contact in his Senate office to work with Odinga. I can prove that Odinga signed this agreement to expand Sharia law, that the Muslims voted for him and I can prove that Obama knew about that agreement." He later added: "I can show that again Obama continued to work to get Odinga in power even after the tribal violence." However, the emails to which Corsi referred, posted in an October 10 WorldNetDaily article, "appear not to have been written by a native English speaker," as Politico's Ben Smith has noted. Corsi did not reveal whether he obtained any other "documents" from Kenya besides the emails he mentioned. As Media Matters for America has noted, PolitiFact.com wrote on August 20 that Corsi's claim that Obama "openly supported" Odinga during his 2006 bid for the presidency of Kenya is "false," as Politifact "scour[ed] the public record for evidence that Obama supported Odinga" and concluded that "Obama has remained neutral in Kenyan politics." Based on the alleged connection between Odinga and Obama, Corsi asked: "Is Obama going to expand Sharia law in the United States when he gets into power? Is he going to, in fact, engage in tribal violence and other -- or other kinds of violence in order to advance his goals?" The two emails Corsi purportedly obtained while in Kenya -- which he claims were sent from Obama's Senate email account to Odinga's Yahoo.com email account -- were published in an October 10 "WorldNetDaily Exclusive" by WND news editor Bob Unruh, titled "Proof Obama backed ruthless, foreign thug." Unruh reported: "One e-mail purportedly from Obama, dated Dec. 22, 2006, read, 'I will kindly wish that all our correspondence [be] handled by Mr Mark Lippert. I have already instructed him. This will be for my own security both for now and in future.' " The second e-mail stated, "Thanks for contacting me about Mr Lippert through email. Contact him through mark_lippert.obama.senate.gov." Lippert was described in July by The New York Times as "Obama's former Senate foreign policy adviser" and by Newsweek as "Obama's longest-serving foreign policy adviser." The email address contained in the second email, "mark_lippert.obama.senate.gov," does not appear to be valid, because it does not contain an "@." In an October 10 post on his Politico blog, Ben Smith wrote of the emails Corsi purportedly obtained in Kenya: After a bit of a lull, the viral emails and general nuttiness is cresting again, and my favorite "scoop" of the day is Jerome Corsi's WorldNetDaily report on secret emails between Obama -- personally -- and a Kenyan political leader. A small glitch: These emails, [pictured] above, appear not to have been written by a native English speaker, unless 'I will kindly wish...' is a phrase I'm just unfamiliar with. They have the unmistakable flavor of solicitations from dying African princes, who need only your bank account details to make you wealthy beyond measure. At least the Bush National Guard documents were written in the right language. Notwithstanding the question of whether the emails are in fact from Obama, they do not support statements made by Corsi on the Cunningham broadcast that "I can prove that Odinga signed this agreement to expand Sharia law" or that "Obama knew about that agreement." Nor do they show that "Obama continued to work to get Odinga in power" or that "Obama's been supporting him," as Corsi also claimed. Rather than challenge Corsi on the veracity of his assertions, Cunningham, whose show is based at Cincinnati radio station WLW, said to Corsi at the conclusion of the interview: "God bless you. That's Jerome Corsi. The truth will set you free. America will hook up with Kenyans and have an Odinga-Obama administration controlling this country? Are you willing to fight like a warrior poet or will you succumb and simply fall over dead? Be a wolverine in the high ranges of the Rockies." From the October 9 broadcast of Clear Channel's The Big Show with Bill Cunningham: CORSI: Well, the press conference was explosive, because I could show a link that Obama and Odinga had been in touch since 2006, even through Obama's Senate campaign office. Tomorrow, in WorldNetDaily, I'm gonna publish Obama's email listing the contact in his Senate office to work with Odinga. I can prove that Odinga signed this agreement to expand Sharia law -- that the Muslims voted for him. And I can prove that Obama knew about that agreement. I can also prove those tribal violence -- Odinga lost in December 2007 -- the Luo, his tribe -- Obama's tribe -- killed 1,000 Kikuyu. They burned down 800 -- 800 churches destroyed, some of them burned down. And I can show that, again, Obama continued to work to get Odinga in power even after the tribal violence. So, this guy Odinga's a very bad guy, and yet Obama's been supporting him despite evidence of how bad Odinga is. So, you know, it raises questions. I was gonna raise questions in the press conference. Is Odinga -- does Obama -- are they both for the expansion of Sharia law? Is the tribal violence to gain power OK with both of them? Because I can show the documents and prove that what I was saying in The Obama Nation is true, and everything I wrote in Chapter Four was more than validated. [...] CORSI: Now, I came out of Kenya at least with the documents, again to prove what I wrote in the book is true, and that Obama made a pact with this radical leftist politician Odinga, who is perfectly happy to expand Islamic Sharia law in Kenya and have tribal violence to get power. You know, is Obama gonna expand Sharia law in the United States when he gets into power? Is he gonna, in fact, engage in tribal violence and other -- or other kinds of violence in order to advance his goals? I mean, this is very, very radical behavior, and I can document it with what I came out of Kenya with, despite the attempt to suppress me and arrest me. CUNNINGHAM: Well, Jerome Corsi, WorldNetDaily.com and also The Obama Nation. I read -- I look at your website every day, several times a day, and it's great work, and I'm glad your safe. Hey, do you look forward to your next trip to Kenya? CORSI: The final immigration officer closing the door, said, "Don't ever come back to Kenya and see you in hell." I said, "Boy, they oughta appoint you minister of tourism under an Obama administration." CUNNINGHAM: Jerome Corsi, you're a great American. CORSI: Thank you, Bill. Great honor to be with you. CUNNINGHAM: God bless you. CORSI: God bless you. CUNNINGHAM: God bless you. That's Jerome Corsi. The truth will set you free. America will hook up with Kenyans and have an Odinga-Obama administration controlling this country. Are you willing to fight like a warrior poet, or will you succumb and simply fall over dead? Be a wolverine in the high ranges of the Rockies. Do not give up the fight to keep hope alive.

YouTube censors comedian's antiSharia video called 'Welcome to Saudi Britain'

A comedian has been censored by YouTube for making a film in which he condemned the existence of Sharia courts in Britain.

Conservatives would ban sharia courts says shadow minister

Conservative government would impose a tough crackdown on Islamic extremism the shadow security minister has said.

Sharia courts operating in Britain

Sharia courts have been operating in Britain for over a year it has emerged.

Liddy guest Walid Shoebat falsely claimed that Obama is "definitely a Muslim"

On the September 10 broadcast of his nationally syndicated radio show, G. Gordon Liddy hosted self-described former terrorist Walid Shoebat to advance the false claim that Sen. Barack Obama, whom Shoebat said would be "extremely dangerous" as president, is a Muslim. Liddy also did not challenge Shoebat's false claim that Hamas supports Obama. During the interview, Liddy asked Shoebat: "Obama was in a -- in Indonesia, in a public school and in a Catholic school. And in the Catholic school, he was listed as a Muslim. And he was over in Indonesia, which is a Muslim country, until the age of 10. How much of that Muslim indoctrination would carry over?" Shoebat speculated that Obama was subject to extreme teachings at the "government school" he attended in Indonesia and later claimed: "You can see -- even speeches of Barack Hussein Obama saying that Arab-American families that's rounded up, he would help them. He's talking about the same kind of issues that CAIR, Council on American-Islamic Relations, would want to fight for, and that is fighting for the terrorist cause." He also said: "No one is called Hussein unless he is Muslim. So it is very clear that Barack Hussein Obama is definitely a Muslim." Shoebat also said: "In Islam, in the law of Sharia of Islam, the Prophet of Islam said ... whoever leaves the Islamic faith is to be killed. So what part of killing people don't understand? He is not called to be killed by the Muslims. Why do they support him? I haven't heard a really serious testimony of his Christian conversion. A Muslim who converts to Christianity, the first thing he does is denounces Islam. Has Barack Hussein Obama denounced Islam as a false religion?" Liddy responded: "No." Shoebat also claimed, without challenge from Liddy: "So, you can see from Al Qaeda to the Muslim Brotherhood to Hamas, every single Muslim terrorist organization supports Barack Hussein Obama. So why would Americans want to have a president that is connected to Islam and that is proud to be Muslim?" Shoebat cited no evidence that Al Qaeda and the Muslim Brotherhood support Obama. Regarding Hamas, as Media Matters for America has noted, while Ahmed Yousef, chief political adviser to the prime minister of Hamas, reportedly said in an April 13 interview with conservative radio host John Batchelor and WorldNetDaily.com Jerusalem bureau chief Aaron Klein that he liked Obama and hoped he would win the election, a Hamas official responded to Obama's June 4 speech to the American Israel Public Affairs Committee by saying, according to Reuters, "Hamas does not differentiate between the two presidential candidates, Obama and [Sen. John] McCain, because their policies regarding the Arab-Israel conflict are the same and are hostile to us, therefore we do have no preference and are not wishing for either of them to win." Later, Liddy asked Shoebat: "Would you consider Barack Hussein Obama dangerous if he were commander in chief of the -- all the power and might of the armed forces of the United States?" Shoebat replied: "He would be extremely dangerous. He would -- he's already calling for dismantlement of nuclear weapons. He's already calling for negotiations with Islamists. He's already calling to help Arabs who are arrested in America. He's already professed to hold hands with the Muslims, and wanting to hold hands with the Muslims in his book. In his book, it's very clear." According to his website, Shoebat has appeared several times on radio and television, including on Fox News' Hannity & Colmes and The O'Reilly Factor and CNN Headline News' Glenn Beck. From the September 10 broadcast of Radio America's The G. Gordon Liddy Show: LIDDY: Walid, will you take a moment to tell us your life story, in a nutshell? SHOEBAT: In a nutshell, my life story is similar to Barack Hussein Obama, because I have an American mother, married a Palestinian father. Went to the Middle East, she wasn't allowed to leave for 35 years. And from my father's perspective, you know, his father was friends with Haj Amin al-Husseini, the grand mufti of Jerusalem, who collaborated with Hitler to destroy the Jews. And my mother's side, her grandfather was friends with Winston Churchill, who wanted to destroy Nazism. So, I lived both worlds of the Christian and Muslim as well. I went to Christian schools in the Middle East, I went to similar schools that Barack Hussein Obama went to, I understand the Muslim mindset, and I grew up pro-Islamic. Came to the States, was inculcated in the system of the Muslim Brotherhood in America. Was underground in Chicago, same even city as Barack Hussein Obama. And you can see on my website, Shoebat.com, S-H-O-E-B-A-T.com. At the bottom of the website, you can see the kind of activities we were doing in Chicago. Islamic activities, pro-Hamas -- even before Hamas. You know, you can see the violence and the attempted change in America to make it pro-Islamic and pro-Sharia. LIDDY: Shoebat, Obama was in a -- in Indonesia, in a public school and in a Catholic school. And in the Catholic school, he was listed as a Muslim. SHOEBAT: That's right. LIDDY: And he was over in Indonesia, which is a Muslim country, until the age of 10. How much of that Muslim indoctrination would carry over? SHOEBAT: Well, when I went to a government school -- you know, it wasn't a madrassa. He was not in a madrassa school, but it was a government school. And in those schools, from fifth grade, we learned what is called Islamic eschatology, that the day of judgment will not come to pass until the tribes of Islam destroy the tribes of Israel, the Jewish people. And then the trees and the stones will cry out: There is a Jew hiding behind me. We would learn Islamic eschatology. We would learn that it's an honor for a Muslim to die as a martyr, to shed his blood for the cause of Allah. We would learn that the establishment of Sharia law is a mandate. We would learn that fighting jihad is a mandate against Israel, against the West, and those kinds of things. This is even in a government school, not even in a madrassa, as most Westerners -- LIDDY: Well, would he have achieved -- been exposed to those things at the age of 10, in a government school over there in Indonesia? SHOEBAT: Yes. It would be the same thing, it would be exactly the same kind of an education system. Barack Hussein Obama's connection is very clear. He rallied for his cousin Odinga in Kenya, in which Odinga wanted to establish Islamic-compliant Sharia law in Kenya. So, you know, even his Christian connection with Pastor Wright, who collaborated with Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam in 1993 to visit Muammar Qaddafi in Libya. Odinga called for change, similar to the change of Barack Hussein Obama. You can see -- even speeches of Barack Hussein Obama saying that Arab-American families that's rounded up, he would help them. He's talking about the same kind of issues that CAIR, Council on American-Islamic Relations, would want to fight for, and that is fighting for the terrorist cause. Every single terror organization in the world -- Islamic terror organization in the world supports Barack Hussein Obama. His name is Barack Hussein Obama. Hussein is one of the prophet's names. Muhammad the prophet -- some of his names are Mustafa, Muhammad, Ahmad, Hassan, Hussein -- all of these are Islamic names portraying Muhammad, to be proud Muslims. His grandchildren are Hassan and Hussein. This is all Islamic names. No one is called Hussein unless he is Muslim. So it is very clear that Barack Hussein Obama is definitely a Muslim. His Christian convert -- I converted to Christianity. Where is the Christianity of Barack Hussein Obama? This is what he adheres to in his Christian theology is the same Christian theology that the Christian terrorists in the Palestinian areas adhere to. You have the PFLP, Popular Front to Liberate Palestine, led by George Habash, a Christian, supposedly. And they adhere to what is called the liberation theology, as Pastor Wright adheres to. That kind of theology is very close to Islamic theology, in which it calls for jihad and the same kind of thing. So, you could see from his Christian claim that, you know, being connected to Pastor Wright, that it's not Christianity whatsoever. In Islam, in the law of Sharia of Islam, the Prophet of Islam said [speaking Arabic] whoever leaves the Islamic faith is to be killed. So what part of killing people don't understand? He is not called to be killed by the Muslims. Why do they support him? I haven't heard a really serious testimony of his Christian conversion. A Muslim who converts to Christianity, the first thing he does is denounces Islam. Has Barack Hussein Obama denounced Islam as a false religion? LIDDY: No. SHOEBAT: Because that's what every single convert to Christianity from Islam must and does do. Why am I being called to be killed by the Muslims and Barack Hussein Obama to survive? So, you can see from Al Qaeda to the Muslim Brotherhood to Hamas, every single Muslim terrorist organization supports Barack Hussein Obama. So why would Americans want to have a president that is connected to Islam and that is proud to be Muslim? If he had converted to Christianity, he would change his name Hussein to something else. He would change his name Barack to something else. And maybe he would bury his old name that he used, you know, when he was a kid. LIDDY: Yeah. Let me ask you, Mr. Shoebat. Would you consider Barack Hussein Obama dangerous if he were commander in chief of the -- all the power and might of the armed forces of the United States? SHOEBAT: He would be extremely dangerous. He would -- he's already calling for dismantlement of nuclear weapons. He's already calling for negotiations with Islamists. He's already calling to help Arabs who are arrested in America. He's already professed to hold hands with the Muslims, and wanting to hold hands with the Muslims in his book. In his book, it's very clear. He mentioned that. He'd rather hold hands with the Muslims. So it is clear from his activities and his name and his connections to Rezko and Arafi with financial connections and all kinds of friendships with his cousin Odinga in Kenya, who is pro-Islamic Sharia, who wants to establish Sharia law -- let's not forget, also, over a thousand Christians were killed in Kenya. Burned. So where is Mr. Obama's denunciations of those things? LIDDY: Mr. Shoebat, we need to take a quick pause for the benefit of our advertisers.

O'Donnell left unchallenged Bush Cabinet member's suggestion that Obama was responsible for rumors about Palins

During the September 2 edition of MSNBC Live, anchor Norah O'Donnell did not challenge a claim by Transportation Secretary Mary Peters that if Sen. Barack Obama really stood by his denunciation of any public discussion of Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin's children, "he would put a stop to everything that's going on in the liberal blogosphere." O'Donnell did not ask Peters how Obama "would put a stop" to what is being written by people unconnected to his campaign. Nor did O'Donnell point out that commenters on McCain's own website have falsely claimed that Sen. Barack Obama is a "closet muslim," that he will "implement Sharia law," that Obama is the "anti-Christ," and that "Obama = Hitler." Some of those comments have remained on McCain's website for months.

Sharia courts rule on sex lives in Britain

Unofficial Sharia courts are governing people's sex lives in Britain.