Scholasticism

:Scholastic redirects here. For the U.S. book publisher, see Scholastic Press.

History

Scholastic philosophy usually combined logic, metaphysics and semantics into one discipline, and is generally recognized to have developed our understanding of logic significantly when compared to the older sources.

Related Topics:
Logic - Metaphysics - Semantics - Logic

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In the high scholastic period of 1250 - 1350 scholasticism moved beyond theology into the philosophy of nature, psychology, epistemology and philosophy of science. In Spain, the scholastics also made important contributions to economic theory, which would influence the later development of the Austrian school. However all scholastics were bound by Church doctrine and certain questions of faith could never be addressed without risking trial for heresy.

Related Topics:
1250 - 1350 - Philosophy of nature - Psychology - Epistemology - Philosophy of science - Economic - Austrian school

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During the humanism of the 1400s and 1500s, scholastics were put to the background and somewhat forgotten. This has been the source of the view of scholasticism as a rigid, formalistic, outdated and improper way of doing philosophy. During the catholic scholastic revival in the late 1800s and early 1900s the scholastics were repopularized, but with a somewhat narrow focus on certain scholastics and their respective schools of thought, notably Thomas Aquinas. In this context, scholasticism is often used in theology or metaphysics, but not many other areas of inquiry.

Related Topics:
Humanism - 1400s - 1500s - 1800s - 1900s - Thomas Aquinas - Theology - Metaphysics

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Scholasticism was concurrent with movements in Jewish philosophy (especially Maimonides) and Islamic philosophy (for example, the work of Averroes).

Related Topics:
Maimonides - Averroes

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The following authors and works were commonly used as auctors:

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• Aristotle ("The Philosopher") and commentaries by Averroes ("The Commentator")
• Boethius and his Consolation of Philosophy
• Saint Augustine
• Plato (specifically, Timaeus)
• Peter Lombard (specifically, his Sentences)
• Bible