Samurai

:For other uses, please see Samurai (disambiguation)

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Samurai (? or sometimes ?) is a common term for a warrior in pre-industrial Japan.

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Most samurai were bound by a strict code of honor (??? bushid?) and were expected to set an example for those below them. A disgraced samurai could regain honor and respect by committing suicide by a gruesome and painful means: stabbing himself in the stomach with his own sword, an act called seppuku (??). When time was available, samurai would have a friend or student, called a kaishaku (??, executioner), decapitate them after the initial cut across the abdomen. Even in death, samurai were beholden to honor.

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In practice, there were disloyal samurai. Japanese history is filled with examples of samurai that were treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige). Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords. These alliances to higher lords often shifted, however. For example, the feudal lords allied under Toyotomi Hideyoshi (????) enjoyed the loyalty of their men; however, the feudal lords themselves might shift their backing to Tokugawa. This did not mean that the lower-ranked samurai were disloyal, though. Their allegiance was to their immediate superior.

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Pre-industrial: redirect Pre-industrial society...

Japan: For other uses, see Japan (disambiguation)....

Seppuku: Seppuku ( lit."stomach-cutting") is a Japanese word that means ritual suicide by disembowelment. Seppuku is better known in English as hara-kiri () and is written with the same kanji as seppuku but in reverse order with an okurigana. However, in Japanese hara-kiri is considered a colloquial and some...

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