Royal Society of Arts

The Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) is a British multi-disciplinary institution, based in London. The name Royal Society of Arts is frequently used by others for brevity, but the Society itself uses either its full name or the initials RSA (not least in the letters Fellows of the Society use after their name – FRSA).

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British - London

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The Society exists to deliver five Manifesto Challenges:

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• encouraging enterprise,
• moving towards a zero waste society,
• fostering resilient communities,
• developing a capable population, and
• advancing global citizenship.

It was founded in 1754 by William Shipley as the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. It was granted a Royal Charter in 1847. Notable members have included Benjamin Franklin, Karl Marx, Adam Smith, William Hogarth, Charles Dickens and Guglielmo Marconi.

Related Topics:
1754 - William Shipley - Royal Charter - 1847 - Benjamin Franklin - Karl Marx - Adam Smith - William Hogarth - Charles Dickens - Guglielmo Marconi

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Notwithstanding its establishment credentials, the RSA has always been a radical body which has sought to challenge the status quo and change the world around it. Its founders spoke of the need to "embolden enterprise, enlarge science, refine art, improve our manufactures and extend our commerce", but also of the need to alleviate poverty and secure full employment.

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In 1774, it moved into a new building near the Strand in central London which had been purpose-designed by the Adam Brothers (James Adam and Robert Adam) as part of their innovative Adelphi scheme. The address was 8 John Street (now 8 John Adam Street). The RSA is still in occupation, although it has also expanded into adjacent buildings in the intervening years (2-6 John Adam Street, plus 18 Adam Street). The original building includes the Great Room, which features a magnificent sequence of paintings by Irish artist James Barry: The progress of human knowledge and culture. The complex now incorporates the building which used to be the Adelphi Tavern (the first occupant of 18 Adam Street) and which is mentioned in Dickens's The Pickwick Papers. The former private dining room of the Tavern contains a magnificent Adam ceiling with painted roundels by the school of Kauffman and Zucchi.

Related Topics:
1774 - James Adam - Robert Adam - James Barry - The Pickwick Papers

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In its early years the Society offered prizes - which it called "premiums" - for people who could successfully achieve one of a number of published challenges. Captain William Bligh suffered the Mutiny on the Bounty while attempting to win a premium for shipping breadfruit from the East to the West Indies. He subsequently repeated the voyage and this time succeeded, and the Society awarded him the prize. The Society offered premiums for a very wide range of challenges including devising new forms of machinery and agricultural improvements.

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William Bligh - Mutiny on the Bounty - Breadfruit - East - West Indies

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The RSA hosted Britain's first exhibition of contemporary art which was a big success. As a result, the Royal Academy of Arts was formed in 1768 by Sir Thomas Gainsborough and Sir Joshua Reynolds - two early members of the RSA - as a spin-off organisation.

Related Topics:
Royal Academy of Arts - 1768 - Thomas Gainsborough - Joshua Reynolds

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The RSA is probably best known for creating the RSA Examinations Board, now part of the separate OCR (Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations) Board, following the Society's launch of the modern world's first public examinations in 1882.

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OCR - 1882

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It devised a scheme for commemorating the links between famous people and buildings by placing plaques on the walls - these continue today as "blue plaques" which are administered by a range of government bodies. The first of these plaques was, in fact, of red terracotta erected outside a former residence of Lord Byron (since demolished). The Society erected 36 plaques until in 1901 responsibility for them was transferred to the London County Council (which changed the colour of the plaques to the current blue) and later the Greater London Council and most recently English Heritage. Similar schemes are now operated in all the constituent countries of the United Kingdom.

Related Topics:
Blue plaque - London County Council - Greater London Council - English Heritage

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The National Training School for Music in London was founded by the Society in 1876. This was later succeeded by the Royal College of Music.

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1876 - Royal College of Music

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In 1908, King Edward VII granted it the right to use the term "Royal" in its name.

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1908 - Edward VII

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The Society was instrumental in the preservation of West Wycombe, purchashing the entire village and handing it over the National Trust.

Related Topics:
West Wycombe - National Trust

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In 1936 the RSA awarded the first distinction of Royal Designer for Industry (RDI or HonRDI), reserved for "those very few who in the judgement of their peers have achieved 'sustained excellence in aesthetic and efficient design for industry'". The honour gained royal endorsement in 1937, and "The Faculty of Royal Designers for Industry" was established as an association in 1938 with the object of "furthering excellence in design and its application to industrial purposes": membership of the Faculty is automatic for (and exclusive to) all RDIs and HonRDIs. The Faculty currently has 98 Royal Designers (RDI) and 45 Honorary Royal Designers (non-UK citizens who are awarded the accolade of HonRDI): the number of designers who may hold the distinction of RDI at any one time is strictly limited. The Faculty consists of the world?s leading practitioners from fields as disparate as engineering, furniture, fashion and textiles, graphics, theatre and film design. Early members include Eric Gill, Enid Marx, Sir Frank Whittle and numerous other household names.

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More recently, the Society launched a project to exhibit works of contemporary art on an empty fourth plinth in London's Trafalgar Square, is working to deliver fresh drinking water to the developing world, is rethinking intellectual property from first principles to produce a Charter, and is exploring the feasibility of a national personal carbon trading system. It is also investigating schemes to manage international migration, is promoting the practise of inclusive design, and is working with artists to communicate ideas about environmental sustainability.

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The Society runs a public lecture programme which seeks to introduce new and challenging thinking. These lectures are published in its own Journal and made freely available on its website. An example of the Society's success is offered by the Oxford English Dictionary, which records the first use of the word "sustainability" in an environmental sense in the RSA's Journal in 1980.

Related Topics:
Oxford English Dictionary - Sustainability - 1980

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Each year a number of medals are awarded, including the Albert medal, the Benjamin Franklin Medal, and the Bicentennary Medal. Medal winners include Nelson Mandela, Sir Frank Whittle and Professor Stephen Hawking.

Related Topics:
Albert medal - Benjamin Franklin Medal - Nelson Mandela - Frank Whittle - Stephen Hawking

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The Society is Incorporated by Royal Charter, is registered in England as a Charity, and has more than 24,000 Fellows who live in around 70 countries. Its Patron is currently HM Queen Elizabeth II, its President is HRH Prince Philip, and its Chair is Sir Paul Judge.

Related Topics:
Royal Charter - Charity - Elizabeth II - Prince Philip - Paul Judge

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