River

:For the Second World War frigate class, see River class frigate. For the state of Nigeria, see Rivers State.

Flooding

Flooding is a natural part of a river's cycles. Human activity, however, has upset the natural way flooding occurs by walling off rivers and straightening their courses. Removal of bogs, swamps and other wetlands in order to produce farmland has reduced the absorption zones for excess water and made floods into sudden disasters rather than gradual increases in water flow. In ancient Egypt, life was made possible through the floods of the Nile and the accompanying silt and sediment which enriched the fields with fresh nutrients. Nowadays, floods are disasters, causing untold property loss each year.

Related Topics:
Flood - Wetlands - Egypt - Nile - Silt - Sediment - Nutrient

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Human interference in the form of deforestation can also worsen conditions. The removal of vegetation leads to a reduction in Interception (vegetation stopping precipitation) and the 'weakening' of soil since plant roots no longer hold it together. As a result there is a reduced Infiltration capacity (how much water the soil can hold) and greater infiltration (precipitation going into the ground). This leads to faster soil saturation and therefore greateroverland flow (also known as surface run off) and therefore, there are flash floods as the lag time decrease.

Related Topics:
Deforestation - Vegetation - Interception - Precipitation - Infiltration capacity - Soil saturation - Overland flow - Surface run off - Flash floods - Lag time

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