Quraish

:Quraish is also the name of a Surah in the Qur'an.

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Quraish () refers to the Meccan tribe that Muhammad belonged to. Ironically, it was his own tribe that was his chief opponent for most of his life.

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Quraysh was composed of twelve clans. (ref)

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Quraish branched out into various tribes, the most famous of whom were Jumah, Sahm, ?Adi, Makhzum, Tayim, Zahra and the three septs of Qusai bin Kilab: ?Abdud-Dar bin Qusai, Asad bin ?Abdul ?Uzza bin Qusai and ?Abd Manaf bin Qusai.

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?Abd Manaf branched out into four tribes: ?Abd Shams, Nawfal, Muttalib and Hashim. From the family of Hashim came Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim. (ref)

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A list of them follows:

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• Banu Abd al-Manaf - ref

:*Banu Abd Shams

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:*Banu Nawfal

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:*Banu Hashim - Muhammad

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:*Banu Muttalib

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:*Banu Umayyad - Abu Sufyan, Uthman ibn Affan

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• Banu Makhzum - Walid ibn al-Mughira
• Banu Zuhrah - Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas
• Banu Taim - Abu Bakr
• Banu Adi - Umar ibn al-Khattab
• Banu Khuza'a

:*Banu Mustaliq

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• Banu Asad
• Banu Jumah
• Banu Sahm
• Banu Makhzum
• Banu Zahra
• Banu Jumah

Arab lineages allegedly originate from three groups:

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Perishing Arabs: These are the ancients of whose history little is known. They include ?Ad, Tham?d, Tasam, Jadis, Imlaq and others.

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Pure Arabs: They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ya?rub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan so were also called Qahtanian Arabs.

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Arabized Arabs: They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ishmael and were also called ?Adnanian Arabs. The Quraish are a branch of the "Arabized Arabs".

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The Quraish had become a prominent tribe in Mecca before the birth of Muhammad and essentially ruled the city. Before Muhammad's birth, the tribe had split into different clans, each with different responsibilities. There were some rivalries among the clans, but these became especially pronounced during Muhammad's lifetime. The message spread by Muhammad was threatening to some clan leaders, and they tried to silence him by putting pressure on his uncle, Abu Talib. Many of the clans also began to persecute the followers of Muhammad, and even went so far as to boycott them. This response led Muhammad to initially send some Muslims to migrate to Ethiopia, and later would lead to his own emigration to Medina.

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After Muhammad's reconquest of Mecca, he pardoned all those who had oppressed him before, and peace among the different clans was maintained. However, after his death, clan rivalries reignited, playing central roles in the conflicts over the Caliphate and contributing to the Shi'a-Sunni divide.

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Quraish: Clans and the Caliphate ►



 

Quraish: :Quraish is also the name of a Surah in the Qur'an....

Surah: REDIRECT sura...

Qur'an: The Qur'an ( al-qur'ān literally "the recitation"; also called Al Qur'ān Al Karīm or "The Noble Qur'an"; or transliterated Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. It is a tenet of Islam that the Qur'an is the literal word of God in Arabic and the culminati...