Posad

A posad (?????) was a settlement, often rounded by bulwarks and a moat, by a town or a kremlin, but outside the town/kremlin, or by a monastery in the 10th to 15th centuries. Usually it was inhabited by kraftsmen and merchants.

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In Russian Empire a posad was a small semi-urban settlement.

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A number of posads evolved into towns. Those by a kremlin often gave rise to local toponyms, kind of Nagorny Posad (Uphill Settlement), Kazanski Posad for the historical center of Kazan. Those by a monastery often gave rise to cities named after the monastery,e.g., Sergiev Posad is for Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra. See also Pavlovsky Posad, Mariinsky Posad, Gavrilov Posad.

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Settlement: A settlement may refer to...

Bulwark: Bulwark can refer to:...

Moat: Moats were deep and wide water-filled trenches, to provide a barrier against attack upon castle ramparts or other fortifications. A moat made access to the walls difficult for siege weapons such as a siege tower or battering ram that needed to be brought up against a wall to be effective. Very impor...