Pope Benedict XV

Pope Benedict XV, born Giacomo della Chiesa (November 21, 1854 – January 22, 1922), reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from September 3, 1914 to 1922; he succeeded Pope Saint Pius X.

Early life

Della Chiesa was born in Genoa, Italy, of a noble family. He acquired a doctorate of law in 1875, after which he studied for the priesthood and then the training school for the Vatican diplomatic service, in which he would spend most of his career. Mariano Cardinal Rampolla was a friend and patron, employing him as a secretary on being posted to Madrid and subsequently on being appointed Secretary of State. During these years Della Chiesa helped negotiate the resolution of a dispute between Germany and Spain over the Caroline Islands as well as organising relief during a cholera epidemic. When Rampolla left his post with the election of Pius X, and was succeeded by Rafael Cardinal Merry del Val, Della Chiesa was retained in his post.

Related Topics:
Genoa - Italy - Doctorate - 1875 - Priesthood - Diplomatic service - Mariano Cardinal Rampolla - Madrid - Secretary of State - Germany - Spain - Caroline Islands - Cholera - Pius X - Rafael Cardinal Merry del Val

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But Della Chiesa's association with Rampolla, the architect of Leo XIII's relatively liberal foreign policy and Pius X's rival in the conclave of 1903, made his position in the Secretariat of State under the new pontificate (with its more strongly conservative and uncompromising foreign policy) uncomfortable. He was soon moved out of the diplomatic service and the centre of Church power in Rome; on 16 December 1907 becoming Archbishop of Bologna.

Related Topics:
Leo XIII - Pius X - Conclave - 1903 - 16 December - 1907 - Bologna

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On 25 May 1914 Della Chiesa was appointed a cardinal and, in this capacity, on the outbreak of World War I—with the papacy vacant upon Pius X's death on 20 August—he made a speech on the Church's position and duties, emphasising the need for neutrality and promoting peace and the easing of suffering. The conclave opened at the end of August. The war would clearly be the dominant issue of the new pontificate, so the cardinals' priority was to choose a man with great diplomatic experience. Thus on 3 September 1914 Della Chiesa, despite having been a Cardinal only three months, was elected Pope, taking the name of Benedict XV.

Related Topics:
25 May - 1914 - Cardinal - World War I - 20 August - Neutrality - 3 September

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