Poland

Science, technology and education

Main articles: Polish science and technology. Education in Poland

Related Topics:
Polish science and technology - Education in Poland

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The education of Polish society was a goal of rulers as early as the 12th century. The library catalog of the Cathedral Chapter of Kraków dating back to 1110 shows that already in the early 12th century Polish intellectuals had access to the European literature. In 1364, in Kraków, the Jagiellonian University, founded by King Kazimierz Wielki, became one of Europe's great early universities. In 1773 King Stanis?aw August Poniatowski established his Commission on National Education (Komisja Edukacji Narodowej), the world's first state ministry of education. Today, Poland has more than a hundred institutions of post-secondary education: technical, medical, economics, as well as the traditional universities to be found in its major cities; e.g., Gda?sk, Katowice, Kraków, Lublin, Pozna?, Rzeszów, Warsaw, Wroc?aw yielding over 61 thousands scientists. Furthermore, there are about 300 research and development institutes, with about 10 thousands more researchers. In addition, there is a number of smaller laboratories. In sum, there are 91 thousands scientists in Poland today.

Related Topics:
Kraków - 1110 - 12th century - 1364 - Jagiellonian University - Kazimierz Wielki - 1773 - Stanis?aw August Poniatowski - Komisja Edukacji Narodowej - Gda?sk - Katowice - Lublin - Pozna? - Rzeszów - Warsaw - Wroc?aw

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Telecommunication and IT

Sub-articles: Communications in Poland Software development in Poland

Related Topics:
Communications in Poland - Software development in Poland

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

The share of the telecom sector in the GDP is 4.4% (end of 2000 figure), compared to 2.5% in 1996. Nevertheless, despite high expenditures for telecom infrastructure (the coverage increased from 78 users per 1000 inhabitants in 1989 to 282 in 2000)

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

the coverage mobile cellular is 660 users per 1000 people (2005)

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

• Telephones - mobile cellular: 25,3 million (Raport Telecom Team 2005)
• Telephones - main lines in use: 12.5 million (Raport Telecom Team 2005)