Peter Paul Rubens

Pieter Pauwel (Peter Paul) Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) was a Flemish artist, considered by many to be one of the greatest painters in European art history, a master of the Baroque style and the most important Flemish painter of the 17th century.

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Rubens was born in Siegen, Westphalia to a successful Protestant lawyer who had fled Antwerp to escape religious persecution. In 1589, two years after his father's death, Rubens and his mother returned to Antwerp, where he had himself baptized a Catholic. Religion figured prominently in much of his later work. In Antwerp, his mother apprenticed Rubens to leading painters of the time.

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In 1600 he went to Italy, where he worked as a court painter to the duke of Mantua, Vincenzo I of Gonzaga. He studied ancient Roman art and learned by copying the works of the Italian masters. His mature style was profoundly influenced by Titian.

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Upon the death of his mother in 1608, Rubens returned to Antwerp. A year later he married Isabella Brant, daughter of Jan Brant, a leading Antwerp humanist. His altarpieces The Raising of the Cross (1610) and The Descent of the Cross (1611–1614) for the Cathedral of Our Lady established Rubens as Flanders' leading religious painter.

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He received numerous commissions from the French court, including a series of allegorical paintings on the life of Marie de' Medici (now in the Louvre). He and his workshop executed many monumental religious paintings, such as the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in the Cathedral of Antwerp. The young Anthony van Dyck was one of the assistants in Rubens' studio.

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In the period between 1621 and 1630, the Spanish Habsburg rulers entrusted Rubens with a number of diplomatic missions. Charles I of England knighted him for his diplomatic efforts to bring about a peace treaty between England and Spain. He was also commissioned to paint the ceiling of the Banqueting House at the Palace of Whitehall.

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In 1630, four years after the death of his first wife, the 53-year-old painter married 16-year-old H?l?ne Fourment. Rubens had three children with Isabella and five with H?l?ne; his youngest child was born eight months after his death. H?l?ne's charms recur in later works such as The Garden of Love, The Three Graces and The Judgment of Paris, painted for the Spanish court and now in the Prado.

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Rubens died of gout at age 63 and was interred in Saint James' church, Antwerp.

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At a Sotheby's auction on July 10, 2002, Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents sold for ?49.5million ($76.2 million) to Lord Thomson.

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Peter Paul Rubens related Images and Photos (experimental)

Pieter Paul Rubens Flemish Painter	Paul and Peter Bring a Dead Boy Back to Life	Apostles Peter and Paul 1708	Saints Peter and Paul
Stories of S.S. Peter and Paul Altarpiece: Vocation of St. Peter Conversion of St. Paul	The Miraculous Intervention of Ss Peter and Paul in the Battle of Lepanto 7th October 1571	Altarpiece with Saints Peter and Paul	The Virgin and Child with Ss. Peter and Paul
Spiral Staircase at Baroque Monastery Church of Sts Peter and Paul	The Beheading of St. Paul from a Polyptych Depicting Scenes from the Lives of Peter and Paul	St. Peter and St. Paul	Portrait of Peter I Against the St. Peter St. Paul Fortress and Trinity Square in St. Petersburg