Penutian languages

Penutian is a proposed grouping of language families that includes many Native American languages of western North America, predominantly spoken at one time in Washington, Oregon, and California. There a number of varying opinions concerning its validity.

Recent hypotheses

A more recent Penutian grouping that is being investigated is the following:

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• Alsean family
• Chinookan family
• Coosan family
• Kalapuyan family
• Klamath language
• Maiduan family
• Molala language
• Sahaptian family
• Takelma language
• Tsimshianic family
• Utian family
• Wintuan family
• Yokutsan family
• Siuslaw language

subgrouping hypotheses:

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• Takelman = Takelma + Kalapuyan
• Plateau Penutian = Molala + Klamath + Sahaptian
• Oregon Penutian (following Sapir)
• Yok-Utian = Yokuts + Utian

California Penutian as a separate branch is no longer accepted by many Penutian researchers.

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