Penicillin

:For the Japanese rock band, see Penicillin (band).

Biosynthesis

The precursor compound ACV-tripeptide (δ-(L-α-amino-adipate)-L-cysteine-D-valine) is biosynthesized in bacteria and fungi from the monomeric L-amino acids by the enzyme ACV-synthetase (EC 6.3.2.26), a nonribosomal peptide synthetase. The ACV-tripeptide is cyclized by isopenicillin-N-synthetase (EC 1.21.3.1) to isopenicillin N, thereby forming the beta-lactam nucleus. The isopenicillin N N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.164) exchanges the sidechain, yielding a broad range of different penicillins depending on the utilized CoA-bound carboxylic acids. The synthesis of the cephalosporin-type antibiotics starts with isopenicillin N. (Moss, 2002)

Related Topics:
Biosynthesized - Bacteria - Fungi - Monomer - Amino acid - Enzyme - Nonribosomal peptide synthetase - Isopenicillin N - Beta-lactam - CoA - Carboxylic acid - Cephalosporin

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