Paramita

Pāramitā (Sanskrit) or Parami (Pāli): "Perfection" or "Transcendent" (lit. "Having reached the other shore"). In Buddhism, the Paramitas refer to the perfection or culmination of certain practices. These practices are cultivated by Bodhisattvas for crossing from sensuous life (Samsara) to Enlightenment (Nirvana).

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In Theravada Buddhism, the Ten Perfections (Paramis) are; (original terms in Pali)

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• dana parami : generosity, giving of oneself
• sila parami : virtue, morality, proper conduct
• nekhamma parami : renunciation
• panna parami : transcendental wisdom, insight
• viriya parami : energy, diligence, vigour, effort
• kshanti parami : patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance
• sacca parami : truthfulness, honesty
• aditthana parami : determination, resolution
• metta parami : loving-kindness
• upekkha parami : equanimity, serenity

In Mahayana Buddhism, the Perfection_of_Wisdom (Prajna-paramita) Sutra and Lotus (Saddharmapundarika) Sutra list the Six Perfections as; (original terms in Sanskrit)

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• Dana: generosity, giving of oneself
• Sila paramita : virtue, morality, proper conduct
• Prajna paramita : wisdom, insight
• Ksanti paramita : patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance
• Virya paramita : energy, diligence, vigour, effort
• Samadhi paramita : one-pointed concentration, contemplation

The later Ten Stages (Dasabhumika) Sutra lists another four;

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:7. Upaya paramita: skillful means

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:8. Pranidhana paramita: vow, resolution, aspiration, determination

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:9. Bala paramita: spiritual power

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:10. Jnana paramita: knowledge

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Buddhism: Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, who lived between approximately 566 and 486 BCE in India. Buddhism gradually spread from India throughout Asia to Central Asia, Sri Lanka, Tibet, Southeast Asia, as well as to East Asian countries su...

Bodhisattva: In Buddhist thought, a bodhisattva (Ch.: 菩薩 p? s?) is a being who, while not yet fully enlightened, is actively striving toward that goal. Conventionally, the term is applied to hypothetical beings with a high degree of enlightenment and power. Bodhisattva literally means a "wisdom (...

Samsara: :This article is about the religious concept. For other uses, see Samsara (disambiguation)....