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Paramagnetism


 

Paramagnetism is the tendency of the atomic magnetic dipoles, to align with an external magnetic field. This effect occurs due to quantum-mechanical spin as well as electron orbital angular momentum.

References

  • Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (Wiley: New York, 1996).
  • Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin, Solid State Physics (Harcourt: Orlando, 1976).
  • John David Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley: New York, 1999).