Papal Tiara

The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, in Latin as the 'Triregnum', or in Italian as the 'Triregno',{{ref|Triregno}} is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown of Byzantine and Persian origin that is the symbol of the papacy. Papal Tiaras were worn by all popes from Pope Clement V to Pope Paul VI, who was crowned in 1963. Pope Paul VI abandoned the use of his own tiara after the Second Vatican Council, symbolically laying it on the altar of St. Peter's Basilica, and donating its value to the poor. However, he did not abolish its use, explicitly requiring in his 1975 Apostolic Constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo that his successor be crowned.

References

• {{Book reference | Author=Bernstein, Carl; Politi, Marco | Title=His Holiness: John Paul II and the Hidden History of our Time | Publisher=New York: Doubleday | Year=1996 | ID=ISBN 0385405383 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Cornwell, John | Title=Hitler's Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII | Publisher=New York: Viking | Year=1999 | ID=ISBN 0670876208 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Cornwell, John | Title=A Thief in the Night: The Death of Pope John Paul I | Publisher=London: Viking | Year=1989 | ID=ISBN 0670823872}}
• {{Book reference | Author=de Cesare, Raffaele | Title=The Last Days of Papal Rome 1850-1870 | Publisher=London: A. Constable | Year=1909 | ID= }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Davis, Raymond (ed.) | Title=The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis) | Publisher=Liverpool: Liverpool University Press | Year=2000 | ID=ISBN 0853235457 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Duffy, Eamon | Title=Saint & Sinners: A History of the Popes | Publisher=New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press | Year=1997 | ID=ISBN 0300073321 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Hales, E.E.Y. (Edward Elton Young) | Title=Pio Nono: A Study in European Politics and Religion in the Nineteenth Century. | Publisher=London: Eyre & Spottiswoode | Year=1954 | ID= }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Hebblethwaite, Peter | Title=The Year of Three Popes | Publisher=London: Collins | Year=1978 | ID=ISBN 0002150476 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Hebblethwaite, Peter | Title=Paul VI : The First Modern Pope | Publisher=New York: Paulist Press | Year=1993 | ID=ISBN 080910461X }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Hebblethwaite, Peter | Title=John XXIII: Pope of the Century | Publisher=London: Continuum | Year=2000 | ID=ISBN 0826449956 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Heim, Bruno | Title=Heraldry in the Catholic Church: Its Origins, Customs and Laws | Publisher=Gerrards Cross, Eng.: Van Duren | Year=1978 | ID=ISBN 0905715055 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Hobsworth, Dean | Title=From True Cross to True Crown: Papalism and Its Evils | Publisher= | Year=1884 | ID= }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Levillain, Philippe (ed.)| Title=The Papacy: An Encyclopedia | Publisher=New York: Routledge| Year=2002 | ID=ISBN 0415922283 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Nielsen, Fredrik Kristian | Title=The History of the Papacy in the XIXth Century | Publisher=London: J. Murray | Year=1906 | ID= }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Noonan, James-Charles. | Title=The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church | Publisher=New York: Viking | Year=1996 | ID=ISBN 0670867454 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Rudé, George F. E. | Title=Revolutionary Europe, 1783-1815 | Publisher=Oxford: Blackwell | Year=2000 | ID=ISBN 0631221891 }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Smith, Uriah | Title=Thoughts, Critical and Practical on the Book of Revelation | Publisher=Battle Creek, Mich.: Seventh-day Adventist | Year=1881 | ID= }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Smithe, Jefferson | Title=Roman Catholic Ritual | Publisher=London | Year=1902 | ID= }}
• {{Book reference | Author=Willey, David | Title=God's Politician: John Paul at the Vatican | Publisher= London: Faber and Faber | Year=1992 | ID=ISBN 0571161804}}
• {{Book reference | Author=Yallop, David A. | Title=In God's Name: An Investigation into the Murder of Pope John Paul I | Publisher=Toronto: Bantam Books| Year=1984 | ID=ISBN 0553050737 }}