Pacific Ocean Areas

Pacific Ocean Areas was a major Allied military command during World War II. It was one of four major commands during the Pacific War, and one of two United States commands in the Pacific theatre of operations. Admiral Chester Nimitz of the US Navy headed the command throughout its existence.

Related Topics:
Allied - World War II - Pacific War - United States - Pacific theatre of operations - Chester Nimitz - US Navy

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The vast majority of Allied forces in the theatre were from the US Navy and US Marine Corps. However units and/or personnel from New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Fiji and other countries also saw active service.

Related Topics:
US Navy - US Marine Corps - New Zealand - United Kingdom - Australia - Canada - Fiji

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On 24 March 1942, the newly-formed British and US Combined Chiefs of Staff issued a directive designating the Pacific theater an area of American strategic responsibility. Six days later the US Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) divided the Pacific theater into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA), the Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA), and the South East Pacific Area.

Related Topics:
24 March - 1942 - Combined Chiefs of Staff - Joint Chiefs of Staff - Southwest Pacific Area - South East Pacific Area

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The JCS designated Admiral Chester W. Nimitz as Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPOA), with operational control over all units (air, land, and sea) in that area. Mainland Asia was excluded from the POA, as were the Philippines, the Netherlands East Indies, the Territory of New Guinea (including the Bismarck Archipelago) and the western part of the Solomon Islands. US strategic bomber forces in the theatre were under the direct control of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff. All land forces in Alaska and Canada remained under the control of the US Army's Western Defense Command (see ).

Related Topics:
Asia - Philippines - Netherlands East Indies - New Guinea - Bismarck Archipelago - Solomon Islands - Alaska - Canada - US Army - Western Defense Command

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The Joint Chiefs further divided the Pacific Ocean Areas into the North, Central, and South Pacific Areas. Nimitz designated subordinate commanders for the North and South Pacific Areas (NORPAC and SOPAC) but retained the Central Pacific Area (CENPAC), including the Hawaiian Department, under his direct command.

Related Topics:
North - Central - South Pacific Area - Hawaiian Department

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In the separate South West Pacific Area, General Douglas MacArthur assumed command. The effective result of this organizational scheme was the creation of two separate commands in the Pacific: POA and SWPA, each reporting separately to the Joint Chiefs, each competing for scarce resources in an economy-of-force theater, and each headed by a commander in chief (CINC) from a different service. In particular, the division of the Solomons caused problems, since the battles of the Solomon Islands campaign in 1942–1943 ranged over the whole region, with the main Japanese bases in SWPA and the main Allied bases in SOPAC.

Related Topics:
Douglas MacArthur - Solomon Islands campaign - Japan

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