Ojibwa

:Ojibwe are sometimes known as Chippewa. They should not be confused with the Chipewyan people. For other uses of Chippewa, see Chippewa (disambiguation).

History

According to their own tradition, they came from the east, advancing along the Great Lakes, and had their first settlement in their present country at Sault Ste. Marie and Shaugawaumikong (or Zhaagawaamikong, French, Chegoimegon) on the southern shore of Lake Superior, near the present La Pointe or Bayfield, Wisconsin. Their first historical mention occurs in the Jesuit Relation of 1640. Through their friendship with the French traders they were able to obtain guns and thus successfully end their hereditary wars with the Sioux and Foxes on their west and south, with the result that the Sioux were driven out from the Upper Mississippi region, and the Foxes forced down from northern Wisconsin and compelled to ally with the Sauk. By the end of the eighteenth century the Chippewa were the nearly unchallenged owners of almost all of present-day Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and Minnesota, including most of the Red River area, together with the entire northern shores of Lakes Huron and Superior on the Canadian side and extending westward to the Turtle Mountains of North Dakota, where they became known as the Plains Ojibwa.

Related Topics:
Great Lakes - Sault Ste. Marie - Lake Superior - La Pointe - Bayfield, Wisconsin - 1640 - Sioux - Fox - Mississippi - Wisconsin - Sauk - Eighteenth century - Michigan - Minnesota - Red River - Huron - Canadian - Turtle Mountain - North Dakota

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The Ojibwa were part of a long term alliance with the Ottawa and Potawatomi First Nations, called the Council of Three Fires and which fought with the Iroquois Confederacy and the Sioux. The Ojibwa expanded eastward taking over the lands alongside the eastern shores of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. The Ojibwa allied themselves with the French in the French and Indian War, and with the British in the War of 1812.

Related Topics:
Ottawa - Potawatomi - First Nations - Council of Three Fires - Iroquois Confederacy - Sioux - Lake Huron - Georgian Bay - French and Indian War - British - War of 1812

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In the U.S.A., they were never removed as so many other tribes have been, but by successive treaty sales they are now restricted to reservations within this territory, with the exception of a few families living in Kansas.

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In Canada, the cession of land by treaty or purchase was governed by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and subsequently most of the land in Upper Canada was ceded to the Crown.

Related Topics:
Royal Proclamation of 1763 - Upper Canada

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See Treaty Timeline - Individual Treaties with maps at http://www.manitobachiefs.com/treaty/timeline.html#sectindividual.

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