Nuremberg

:This article is about the city in Germany. See also Nuremberg, Pennsylvania, USA.

Culture

Nuremberg was an early center of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention.

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The city contributed much to the science of astronomy. In 1471 Johannes Mueller of Königsberg (Bavaria), later called Regiomontanus, built an astronomical observatory in Nuremberg and published many important astronomical charts. In 1515, Albrecht Dürer, a native of Nuremberg, mapped the stars of the northern and southern hemispheres, producing the first printed star charts, which had been ordered by Johann Stabius. Around 1515 Dürer also published the "Stabiussche 'Weltkarte', the first perspective reproduction of the terrestrial globe. Perhaps most famously, the main part of Nicolaus Copernicus' work was published in Nuremberg in 1543.

Related Topics:
Astronomy - Königsberg - Regiomontanus - Albrecht Dürer - Nicolaus Copernicus

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Printers and publishers have a long history in Nuremberg. Many of these publishers worked with well-known artists of the day to produce books that could also be considered works of art. Others furthered geographical knowledge and travel by mapmaking. Two of these were navigator and geographer Martin Behaim, who made the first world globe, and Hartmann Schedel, who wrote his World Chronicles (Schedelsche Weltchronik) in the local Franconian dialect.

Related Topics:
Martin Behaim - Hartmann Schedel

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Sculptors like Veit Stoss and Peter Vischer are also associated with Nuremberg.

Related Topics:
Veit Stoss - Peter Vischer

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Composed of prosperous artisans, the guilds of the Meistersingers flourished here. Richard Wagner made their most famous member, Hans Sachs, the hero of his opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.

Related Topics:
Meistersingers - Richard Wagner - Hans Sachs - Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg

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Arts and Architecture

The following churches are located inside the city walls: St. Sebald, St. Lorenz, Frauenkirche (Our Lady's Chapel), St. Klara, St. Martha, St. Jakob, St. Egidien, and St. Elisabeth. The church of the previous Katharienkloster is preserved as a ruin, the Cartause is integrated in the building of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum and the choir of the previous Franzikanerkirche is part of a modern building. The Walburga Chapel and the romanic "Doppelkapelle" (Chapel with two floors) are part of Nuremberg Castle.

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The "Johanniskirchhof" with many old graves (Albrecht Dürer, Willibald Pirckheimer, etc.), the "Rochuskirchhof", or the Wöhrder Kirchhof are near the Old Town.

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Sister Cities

Worldwide, Nuremberg is twinned with the following cities:

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• Glasgow, Scotland since 1985
• San Carlos, Nicaragua since 1985
• Skopje, Macedonia since 1982
• Kraków, Poland since 1979
• Nice, France since 1954
• Venice, Italy since 1999
• Atlanta, USA since 1998
• Kavala, Greece since 1998
• Shenzhen, China since 1997
• Antalya, Turkey since 1997
• Hadera, Israel since 1995
• Prague, Czech Republic since 1990
• Kharkov, Ukraine since 1990