Nuremberg

:This article is about the city in Germany. See also Nuremberg, Pennsylvania, USA.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Nuremberg (German: N?rnberg) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. It is situated on the Pegnitz river and the (Rhine-)Main-Danube Canal. Population (as of 06/2005) is 497,213.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Middle Ages

From 1050 to 1571, the city was a regular stop on the progression of the Holy Roman Emperor, particularly because Reichstage (Imperial Diets) and courts met at Nuremberg Castle. The Diets of Nuremberg were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire. In 1219 Nuremberg became an Imperial Free City under Emperor Frederick II. Nuremberg soon became, with Augsburg, one of the two great trade centers on the route from Italy to Northern Europe.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

On 14 April 1561, a large number of 'plates', 'blood-coloured crosses', and 'two great tubes' staged an aerial dog-fight, enthralling and frightening the whole population of Nuremberg.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Nuremberg is notorious for owning the first (and only during Medieval times) Iron Maiden torturing device.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Modern World

The cultural flowering of Nuremberg in the 15th and 16th centuries made it the center of the German Renaissance.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

In 1525, Nuremberg accepted the Reformation, and in 1532, the religious Peace of Nuremberg, by which the Lutherans gained important concessions, was signed there. During the Thirty Years War, in 1632, Gustavus II was besieged in Nuremberg by Wallenstein. The city declined after the war and recovered its importance only in the 19th century, when it grew as an industrial center. In 1806, Nuremberg passed to Bavaria. The first German railway, from Nuremberg to nearby F?rth, was opened in 1835.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

20th century

Because of its relevance to the Holy Roman Empire, in line with the connotations raised by the term Third Reich, the Nazis chose the city as the site of their large NSDAP party conventions. A number of premises were specially constructed for these assemblies, as well as other buildings, some of which were not finished. To this date, many examples of Nazi architecture can be seen in the city, making it an interesting visit for those interested in the History of Germany overall.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

After Adolf Hitler came to power, Nuremberg was made a national shrine by the National Socialists, who held their annual party congresses nearby from 1933 through 1938. The city was the home of the Nazi leader Julius Streicher and became a center of anti-Semitic propaganda, including the famous Nuremberg rallies captured in Leni Riefenstahl's 1934 film Triumph of the Will.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Until 1945, Nuremberg was the site of roughly half the total German production of airplane, submarine, and tank engines; as a consequence, the city was heavily bombed by the British and Americans during World War II and was largely destroyed. Despite this, the city was rebuilt after the war and was restored as closely to its pre-war appearance as possible, down to the replication of many of its medieval buildings.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

After the end of World War II, the city became famous for the trials of Nazi officials for war crimes, the Nuremberg Trials.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

German: German may mean:...

City: :For alternate meanings see city (disambiguation)...

State: :This article discusses states as sovereign political entities. For other meanings, see state (disambiguation)....

Nuremberg related Images and Photos (experimental)

Nuremberg (DVD) (Reissue)	Nuremberg Chronique by Schedel Hartmann	Nuremberg Chronique by Schedel Hartmann View of Rome	Judgment at Nuremberg 1961
Terrestrial Globe Made in Nuremberg in 1492	A Wedding Jacobi Church Nuremberg 1928	Albert Speer's "Cathedral of Light" at the Nuremberg Rally	Danse Macabre Illustration from "Liber Chronicarum" by Hartmann Schedel Nuremberg Published 1493
Terrestrial Globe Showing the Indian Ocean Made in Nuremberg 1492	Autodafe of Books in the Middle Ages Illustration from the "Nuremberg Chronicle"