Northamptonshire

Northamptonshire (abbreviated Northants or N'hants) is a landlocked county in central England with a population of 629,676 (2001 census). It has borders with Warwickshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Cambridgeshire (including Peterborough), Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire (including Milton Keynes (borough)). Oxfordshire and England's shortest county boundary (19 metres), with Lincolnshire. The county town is Northampton.

History

Main article History of Northamptonshire

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Pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples settled in the region, and there are some traces of Roman settlements and roads. Most notably the Watling Street passed through the county, and there was an important Roman settlement called Lactodorum on the site of modern day Towcester. There were other Roman settlements at the site of Northampton, and along the Nene Valley near Raunds.

Related Topics:
Celt - Roman - Watling Street - Towcester - Nene Valley - Raunds

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After the Romans left, the area became part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, and Northampton functioned as an administrative centre. The area was overrun by the Danes (Vikings) in the 9th century and briefly became part of the Danelaw, but was later re-claimed by the Saxons.

Related Topics:
Anglo-Saxon - Mercia - Viking - 9th century - Danelaw

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The county was first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1011), as Hamtunscire: the scire (shire) of Hamtun (the homestead). The "North" was added to distinguish Northampton from the other important Hamtun further south: Southampton.

Related Topics:
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle - 1011 - Shire

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Later, Rockingham Castle was built for William the Conqueror and was used as a Royal fortress until Elizabethan times. The now-ruined Fotheringhay castle was used to imprison Mary, Queen of Scots before her execution.

Related Topics:
Rockingham - Castle - William the Conqueror - Elizabethan - Fotheringhay - Mary, Queen of Scots

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In 1460, during the Wars of the Roses, the Battle of Northampton took place and King Henry VI was captured.

Related Topics:
1460 - Wars of the Roses - Battle of Northampton - Henry VI

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During the English Civil War Northamptonshire strongly supported the Parliamentarian cause, and the Royalist forces suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Naseby in 1645 in the north of the county. King Charles I was later imprisoned at Holdenby House.

Related Topics:
English Civil War - Parliamentarian - Royalist - Battle of Naseby - 1645 - Charles I - Holdenby House

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In the 18th and 19th centuries, parts of Northamptonshire became industrialized. Northampton and its surrounding areas, gained a sizeable shoe making and leather industry. And in the north of the county a large ironstone quarrying industry developed. In the 20th century, during the 1930s, the town of Corby was established as a major centre of the steel industry. Much of Northamptonshire nevertheless remains largely rural.

Related Topics:
18th - 19th - Industrialized - Shoe - Leather - Ironstone - Quarry - 20th century - 1930s - Corby - Steel

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After the Second World War Northampton and Corby were designated as new towns. As of 2005 the government is encouraging development in the South Midlands area, including Kettering and Corby.

Related Topics:
Second World War - New town - As of 2005 - South Midlands

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