Nitrous oxide

References

BERKOWITZ, B.A., FINCK, A.D., HYNES, M.D. & NGAI, S.H. (1979). Tolerance to nitrous oxide analgesia in rats and mice. Anesthesiology, 51, 309-12.

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BRANDA, E.M., RAMZA, J.T., CAHILL, F.J., TSENG, L.F. & QUOCK, R.M. (2000). Role of brain dynorphin in nitrous oxide antinociception in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 65, 217-21.

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CAHILL, F.J., ELLENBERGER, E.A., MUELLER, J.L., TSENG, L.F. & QUOCK, R.M. (2000). Antagonism of nitrous oxide antinociception in mice by intrathecally administered antisera to endogenous opioid peptides. J Biomed Sci, 7, 299-303.

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CZECH, D.A. & GREEN, D.A. (1992). Anxiolytic effects of nitrous oxide in mice in the light-dark and holeboard exploratory tests. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 109, 315-20.

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DZOLJIC, M. & VAN DUIJN, B. (1998). Nitrous oxide-induced enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA-mediated chloride currents in acutely dissociated hippocampal neurons. Anesthesiology, 88, 473-80.

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EMMANOUIL, D.E., JOHNSON, C.H. & QUOCK, R.M. (1994). Nitrous oxide anxiolytic effect in mice in the elevated plus maze: mediation by benzodiazepine receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 115, 167-72.

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FANG, F., GUO, T.Z., DAVIES, M.F. & MAZE, M. (1997). Opiate receptors in the periaqueductal gray mediate analgesic effect of nitrous oxide in rats. Eur J Pharmacol, 336, 137-41.

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GRUSS, M., BUSHELL, T.J., BRIGHT, D.P., LIEB, W.R., MATHIE, A. & FRANKS, N.P. (2004). Two-pore-domain K+ channels are a novel target for the anesthetic gases xenon, nitrous oxide, and cyclopropane. Mol Pharmacol, 65, 443-52.

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GUO, T.Z., DAVIES, M.F., KINGERY, W.S., PATTERSON, A.J., LIMBIRD, L.E. & MAZE, M. (1999). Nitrous oxide produces antinociceptive response via alpha2B and/or alpha2C adrenoceptor subtypes in mice. Anesthesiology, 90, 470-6.

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GUO, T.Z., POREE, L., GOLDEN, W., STEIN, J., FUJINAGA, M. & MAZE, M. (1996). Antinociceptive response to nitrous oxide is mediated by supraspinal opiate and spinal alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in the rat. Anesthesiology, 85, 846-52.

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JEVTOVIC-TODOROVIC, V., TODOROVIC, S.M., MENNERICK, S., POWELL, S., DIKRANIAN, K., BENSHOFF, N., ZORUMSKI, C.F. & OLNEY, J.W. (1998). Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is an NMDA antagonist, neuroprotectant and neurotoxin. Nat Med, 4, 460-3.

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MENNERICK, S., JEVTOVIC-TODOROVIC, V., TODOROVIC, S.M., SHEN, W., OLNEY, J.W. & ZORUMSKI, C.F. (1998). Effect of nitrous oxide on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in hippocampal cultures. J Neurosci, 18, 9716-26.

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QUOCK, R.M., EMMANOUIL, D.E., VAUGHN, L.K. & PRUHS, R.J. (1992). Benzodiazepine receptor mediation of behavioral effects of nitrous oxide in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 107, 310-4.

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SAWAMURA, S., KINGERY, W.S., DAVIES, M.F., AGASHE, G.S., CLARK, J.D., KOBILKA, B.K., HASHIMOTO, T. & MAZE, M. (2000). Antinociceptive action of nitrous oxide is mediated by stimulation of noradrenergic neurons in the brainstem and activation of 2B adrenoceptors. J Neurosci, 20, 9242-51.

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YAMAKURA, T. & HARRIS, R.A. (2000). Effects of gaseous anesthetics nitrous oxide and xenon on ligand-gated ion channels. Comparison with isoflurane and ethanol. Anesthesiology, 93, 1095-101.

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ZACNY, J.P., YAJNIK, S., COALSON, D., LICHTOR, J.L., APFELBAUM, J.L., RUPANI, G., YOUNG, C., THAPAR, P. & KLAFTA, J. (1995). Flumazenil may attenuate some subjective effects of nitrous oxide in humans: a preliminary report. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 51, 815-9.

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ZHANG, C., DAVIES, M.F., GUO, T.Z. & MAZE, M. (1999). The analgesic action of nitrous oxide is dependent on the release of norepinephrine in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Anesthesiology, 91, 1401-7.

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