Need

Needs refer to things that people "must" have. They are often contrasted with wants, which are more discretionary.

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The most widely known academic model of needs was proposed by Abraham Maslow. In it, he proposed that people have a hierarchy of needs, which range from security to self actualization. However, while this model is intuitively appealing, it has not been supported by evidence. It was further developed by Clayton Alderfer.

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The academic study of needs was at its zenith in the 1950's, but receives scant attention today. One exception is Richard Sennett's work on the importance of respect.

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Abraham Maslow: Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was a psychologist. He is mostly noted today for his proposal of a hierarchy of human needs. Maslow was an instrumental player in the formation of the humanistic movement, also known as the third force in psychology. Maslow advocated for a nurtur...

Clayton Alderfer: Clayton Alderfer is an American psychologist who further expanded Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing the hierarchy into his ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness and Growth). Alderfer categorized the lower order needs (Physiological and Safety) into the Existence category. He fit Maslow's inte...

Richard Sennett: Richard Sennett (born Chicago, 1 January 1943) is the Centennial Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics, the Bemis Adjunct Professor of Sociology at MIT and Professor of the Humanities at New York University. He has been a Fellow of The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral S...

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