Natural gas

Natural gas (commonly refered to as gas in many countries, but note that this is also American and Canadian slang for gasoline) is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. It is found in oil fields and natural gas fields, as well as—in smaller quantities—in coal beds.

Related Topics:
Gasoline - Gas - Fossil fuel - Methane - Oil field - Natural gas field - Coal bed

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When methane-rich gasses are produced by the anaerobic decay of non-fossil organic material, these are referred to as biogas. Sources of biogas include swamps (swamp gas), marshes (marsh gas), landfills (landfill gas), sewage sludge and manure (by way of anaerobic digesters) and flatulence (most notably in cattle.)

Related Topics:
Anaerobic - Decay - Organic - Biogas - Swamp - Marsh - Landfill - Sewage - Sludge - Manure - Anaerobic digester - Flatulence - Cattle

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Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which may contribute to enhanced global warming when free in the atmosphere, and such free methane, would then be considered a pollutant rather than a useful energy resource. However, methane in the atmosphere reacts with ozone, producing carbon dioxide and water, so that the greenhouse effect of released methane is relatively short-lived. As a pollutant, significant biological sources of methane are termites, cattle (ruminants) and cultivation (estimated emissions are 15, 75 and 100 million tons per year respectively).

Related Topics:
Greenhouse gas - Global warming - Pollutant - Energy resource

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Landfill gas, which is approximately equal parts methane and carbon dioxide, also contains trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs), many of which are known to be precursors to photochemical smog. Because landfill gas contains these trace compounds, The US Federal Clean Air Act (Part 40 of the Federal Code of Regulations) requires landfill owners to estimate the quantity of VOCs emitted. If the estimated VOC emissions exceeds 50 metric tons, then the landfill owner is required to collect the landfill gas, and treat it to remove the entrained VOCs. Usually, treatment is by combustion of the landfill gas. Because of the remoteness of landfill sites, it is sometimes not economically feasible to produce electricity from the gas.

Related Topics:
Methane - Volatile organic compound - Clean Air Act

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