Modern art

:For the psychedelic rock band, see The Modern Art. For the card game by Reiner Knizia, see Modern Art (game).

Art movements and artist groups

(Chronological with representative artists listed.)

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End of 19th century

• Romanticism (the Romantic movement) - Francisco de Goya, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
• Realism - Gustave Courbet
• Impressionism - Edgar Degas, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet
• Post-impressionism - Georges Seurat
• Symbolism - Gustave Moreau
• Les Nabis
• Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec played a special role during this period, with their highly experimental and individual works.
• Important pre- or proto-modern sculptors: Aristide Maillol, Auguste Rodin

Early 20th century (before WWI)

• Art Nouveau and national variants (Jugendstil, Modern Style, Modernisme) - Gustav Klimt
• Expressionism - James Ensor, Oskar Kokoschka, Edvard Munch, Emil Nolde
• Fauvism - André Derain, Henri Matisse, Maurice de Vlaminck and others
• Die Brücke - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
• Der Blaue Reiter - Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc
• Cubism - Georges Braque, Juan Gris, Fernand Léger, Pablo Picasso
• Orphism - Robert Delaunay, Jacques Villon
• Futurism - Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà
• Russian abstraction - Naum Gabo, Wassily Kandinsky, El Lissitzky, Kasimir Malevich, Alexander Rochenko, Vladimir Tatlin
• De Stijl - Theo van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian
• Sculpture: Henri Matisse, Constantin Brancusi
• Photography: Pictorialism, Straight photography

Between WWI and WWII

• Exploration of the fantastic - Marc Chagall, Henri Rousseau
• Pittura Metafisica - Giorgio de Chirico, Carlo Carrà
• Dada - Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Francis Picabia, Kurt Schwitters
• New Objectivity, Germany - Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz
• Meanwhile, in France, artists like Henri Matisse, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso and Chaim Soutine were part of a regression from the pre-WWI experimentation.
• Surrealism - Jean Arp, Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, René Magritte, André Masson, Joan Miró
• Constructivism - Naum Gabo, László Moholy-Nagy
• Bauhaus - Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee
• Sculpture: Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Henry Moore, Pablo Picasso

After WWII

• Abstract expressionism - Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock
• Color field painting - Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko
• Postwar European figuration: Francis Bacon, Jean Dubuffet, Alberto Giacometti, Marino Marini, Henry Moore
• COBRA - Pierre Alechinsky, Karel Appel, Asger Jorn
• Pop art - Richard Hamilton, David Hockney, Jasper Johns, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol
• New realism - Fernando Botero, Christo, Yves Klein
• Hard-edge painting - Ellsworth Kelly, Kenneth Noland
• Shaped canvas - Frank Stella
• Op art - Victor Vasarely
• Arte Povera - Luciano Fabro, Mario Merz, Marisa Merz, Michelangelo Pistoletto
• Minimal art - Alexander Calder, Donald Judd, Sol LeWitt, Richard Serra
• Land art - Christo, Richard Long, Robert Smithson
• Photorealism - Chuck Close, Duane Hanson
• Soviet art - Alexander Deineka, Alexander Gerasimov, Ilya Kabakov, Dubossarski & Winogradow, Komar & Melomid, Collective Action Group
• Les Automatistes - Claude Gauvreau, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Pierre Gauvreau, Fernand Leduc, Jean-Paul Mousseau, Marcelle Ferron