Mazandaran

Mazandaran (مازندران in Persian) is a province in northern Iran, bordering the Caspian Sea in the north. Mazandaran or Mazenderan was a part of the Persian province of Hyrcania.

History

Climatic conditions of Mazandaran have prevented the preservation of historical monuments. Thus there are hardly any sound vestiges remaining from pre-Islamic periods in the coastal plains of Mazandaran. But the province is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history.

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In the year 651CE, during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, S'ad Ibn Abi Waqqas, the governor of Kufa, first conquered the coasts of Tabarestan. For the next two hundred years, Tabaristan maintained an existence independent of the Umayyad Caliphate which supplanted the Persian Empire in the early seventh century, but was temporarily absorbed into the Abbasid Caliphate until a separate state in the same territory broke loose as the Alavid Emirate, under a descendant of Ali, and protected by the neighbouring Saffarid Emirate to the southeast. A similarly-situated state arose as the Ziyarid Emirate a century later.

Related Topics:
Uthman ibn Affan - S'ad Ibn Abi Waqqas - Kufa - Umayyad - Persian Empire - Abbasid - Alavid - Saffarid - Ziyarid

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During the Abbasid caliphate of Abou Jafar Al-Mansur, Tabarestan witnessed a wave of popular revolt. Ultimately, Vandad Hormoz established an independent dynasty in Tabarestan in 783CE. In 1034CE, Soltan Mahmoud Ghaznavi entered Tabarestan via Gorgan followed by the invasion of Soltan Mohammad Kharazmshah in 1209CE. Thereafter, the Mongols governed the region and finally were overthrown by the Timurid Dynasty.

Related Topics:
Al-Mansur - Ghaznavi - Gorgan - Kharazmshah - Timurid Dynasty

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After the dissolution of the feudal government of Tabarestan, Mazandaran was incorporated into modern Persian Empire by Shah Abbas I in 1596.

Related Topics:
Persian Empire - Shah Abbas I - 1596

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During the reign of Nadir Shah, the province was used as a front to confront Imperial Russia.

Related Topics:
Nadir Shah - Imperial Russia

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