Marshal of France

The Marshal of France (maréchal de France) was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France. The title derived from the office of marescallus Franciae created by Philippe Auguste for Albéric Clément (circa 1190). It later became a distinction and takes precedence over the Constable of France, which was originally an office higher than Marshal. Up to 1791, there were 256 Marshals of France. The title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793.

Bourbons

Eleven Marshals created by Henry IV between 1592 and 1602

• 1592
• Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Duc de Bouillon, (1555 - 1523)
• 1594
• Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron (1562 - 1602)
• Claude de La Chatre, Baron de la Maisonfort (1536 - 1614)
• Jean de Montluc de Balagny, (1560 - 1603)
• 1595
• Jean III de Baumanoir, Marquis of Lavardin and Count of Nègrepelisse (1551 - 1614)
• Henri, Duke of Joyeuse (1567 - 1608)
• Urbain de Montmorency-Laval, Marquis of Sablé (1557 - 1629)
• 1597
• Alphonse d?Ornano, (1548 - 1610)
• Guillaume de Hautemer, Count of Grancey (1537 - 1613)
• 1608
• François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières (1543 - 1626)

Thirty-four Marshals created by Louis XIII, between 1613 and 1643

• 1613 :
• Concino Concini, Marquis of Ancre (died 1617)
• 1614 :
• Gilles de Courtenvaux, Marquis of Souvré (1540 - 1626)
• Antoine, Baron de Roquelaure (1560 - 1625)
• 1616 :
• Louis de La Châtre, Baron de Maisonfort (died 1630)
• Pons de Lauzières-Thémines-Cardaillac, Marquis of Thémines (1553 - 1627)
• François de La Grange d?Arquien, Lord of Montigny and of Séry in Bérry (1554 - 1617), Marshal of France in 1616
• Nicolas de L?Hôpital, Duke of Vitry (1581 - 1644), Marshal of France in 1617
• 1619 :
• Charles de Choiseul, Count of Le Plessis-Praslin (1563 - 1626)
• Jean François de La Guiche, Count of La Palice (1569 - 1632)
• 1620 :
• Honoré d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes (1581 - 1649)
• François d'Esparbes de Lussan, Viscount of Aubeterre (1628)
• 1621 :
• Charles de Créquy, Prince of Poix, Duke of Lesdiguières (1580 - 1638)
• Jacques Nompar de Caumont, Duke of La Force(1551 - 1652)
• 1622 :
• François, Marquis of Bassompierre (1579 - 1646)
• Gaspard de Coligny, Duke of Châtillon (1584 - 1646)
• 1625 :
• Henri, Count of Schomberg (1574 - 1632)
• 1626 :
• Jean Baptiste d?Ornano (1581 - 1626), Marshal of France in 1626
• François Annibal, Duc d'Estrées (1573 - 1670)
• 1627 :
• Timoléon d?Epinay de Saint-Luc (1580 - 1644)
• 1629 :
• Louis de Marillac, Count of Beaumont-le-Roger (1572 - 1632)
• 1630 :
• Henri II, Duke of Montmorency and of Damville, also Admiral of France (1595 - 1632)
• Jean Caylar d?Anduze de Saint-Bonnet, Marquis of Toiras (1585 - 1636)
• 1631 :
• Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Effiat (1581 - 1632)
• 1632 :
• Urbain de Maillé, Marquis of Brézé (1597 - 1650)
• 1634
• Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully (1560 - 1641)
• 1637 :
• Charles de Schomberg, Duke of Halluin (1601 - 1656)
• 1639 :
• Charles de La Porte, Marquis of Meilleraye (1602 - 1664)
• 1641 :
• Antoine III, Duke of Gramont (1604 - 1678)
• 1642 :
• Jean-Baptiste Budes, Count of Guébriant (1602 - 1643)
• Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt, Duke of Cardona (1605 - 1657)
• 1643
• François de L'Hôpital, Count of Rosnay (1583 - 1660)
• Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon
• Jean, Count of Gassion (1609 - 1647)

Fifty-one Marshals created by Louis XIV, between 1643 and 1715

• César, Duke of Choiseul (1598 - 1675), Marshal of France in 1645
• Josias, Count of Rantzau (1609 - 1650), Marshal of France in 1645
• Nicolas de Neufville, Duke of Villeroy(1597 - 1685), Marshal of France in 1646
• Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron, Duc d'Aumont (1601 - 1669), Marshal of France in 1651
• Jacques d'Étampes, Marquis of la Ferté-Imbert (1590 - 1663), Marshal of France in 1651
• Henri, Duke of la Ferté-Senneterre (1600 - 1681), Marshal of France in 1651
• Charles de Mouchy, Marquis d'Hocquincourt (1599 - 1658), Marshal of France in 1651
• Jacques Rouxel, Count of Grancey (1603 - 1680), Marshal of France in 1651
• Armand Nompar de Caumont, Duke of La Force (1582 - 1672), Marshal of France in 1652
• Philippe de Clérambault, Count of la Palluau (1606 - 1665), Marshal of France in 1652
• César Phoebus d'Albret, Count of Miossens (1614 - 1676), Marshal of France in 1653
• Louis de Foucault de Saint-Germain Beaupré Count of Le Daugnon (1616 - 1659), Marshal of France in 1653
• Jean de Schulemberg, Count of Montejeu (1597 - 1671), Marshal of France in 1658
• Abraham de Fabert, Marquis of Esternay (1599 - 1662), Marshal of France in 1658
• Jacques de Mauvisière, Marquis of Castelnau (1620 - 1658), Marshal of France in 1658
• Bernardin Gigault, Marquis of Bellefonds (1630 - 1694), Marshal of France in 1668
• François de Créquy, Marquis of Marines (1620 - 1687), Marshal of France in 1668
• Louis de Crevant, Duke of Humières (1628 - 1694), Marshal of France in 1668
• Godefroy d?Estrades, Count of Estrades (1607 - 1686), Marshal of France in 1675
• Philippe de Montaut-Bénac, Duke of Navailles (1619 - 1684), Marshal of France in 1675
• Frédéric Armand, Duke of Schomberg (1616 - 1690), Marshal of France in 1675
• Jacques Henri de Durfort, Duke of Duras (1626 - 1704), Marshal of France in 1675
• François d'Aubusson, Duke of la Feuillade (1625 - 1691), Marshal of France in 1675
• Louis Victor de Rochechouart, Duke of Mortemart le Maréchal de Vivonne (1636 - 1688), Marshal of France in 1675
• François-Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg (1628 - 1695), Marshal of France in 1675
• Henri Louis d'Aloigny, Marquis of Rochefort (1636 - 1676), Marshal of France in 1675
• Guy de Durfort, Duke of Lorges (1630 - 1702), Marshal of France in 1676
• Jean II, Count of Estrées 1624 - 1707), Marshal of France in 1681
• Claude de Choiseul, Marquis of Francières (1632 - 1711), Marshal of France in 1693
• Jean Armand de Joyeuse, Marquis of Grandpré (1632 - 1710), Marshal of France in 1693
• François de Neufville, Duke of Villeroy (1664 - 1730), Marshal of France in 1693
• Louis François, Duke of Boufflers (1664 - 1711), Marshal of France in 1693
• Anne Hilarion de Costentin, Count of Tourville (1642 - 1701), Marshal of France in 1693
• Anne Jules, Duke of Noailles (1650 - 1708), Marshal of France in 1693
• Nicolas Catinat, Lord of Saint-Gracien Marshal Catinat (1637 - 1712), Marshal of France in 1693
• Claude Louis Hector, Duke of Villars (1653 - 1734), Marshal of France in 1702
• Noël Bouton, Marquis of Chamilly (1636 - 1715), Marshal of France in 1703
• Victor Marie, Duc d'Estrées (1660 - 1737), Marshal of France in 1703
• François Louis Rousselet, Marquis of Château-Renault (1637 - 1716), Marshal of France in 1703
• Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis of Vauban (1633 - 1707), Marshal of France in 1703
• Conrad, Marquis of Rosen (1628 - 1715), Marshal of France in 1703
• Nicolas Chalon du Blé, Marquis of Huxelles (1652 - 1730), Marshal of France in 1703
• René de Froulay, Count of Tessé (1651 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1703
• Camille, Duc d'Hostun (1652 - 1728), Marshal of France in 1703
• Nicolas Auguste de La Baume, Marquis of Montrevel (1636 - 1716), Marshal of France in 1703
• Henry, duc d'Harcourt (1654 - 1718), Marshal of France in 1703
• Ferdinand, Count of Marcin (1656 - 1706), Marshal of France in 1703
• James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670 - 1734), Marshal of France in 1706
• Charles Auguste Goyon, Count of Matignon (1647 - 1729), Marshal of France in 1708
• Jacques de Bazin, Marquis of Bezons (1645 - 1733), Marshal of France in 1709
• Pierre de Montesquiou, Count of Artagnan (1645 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1709 N.B. : not the famous D?Artagnan, but a relative

Thirty-four Marshals under Louis XV from 1715 - 1774

• Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie (1646 - 1727), Marshal of France in 1724
• Antoine Gaston, Duke of Roquelaure (1656 - 1738), Marshal of France in 1724
• Jacques Rouxel, Count of Grancey and of Médavy (1655 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1724
• Éléonor du Maine, Count of Le Bourg (1655 - 1739), Marshal of France in 1724
• Yves, marquis d'Alègre (1653 - 1733), Marshal of France in 1724
• Louis d'Aubusson, Duke of la Feuillade (1673 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1724
• Antoine V, Duke of Gramont (1671 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1724
• Alain Emmanuel, Marquis of Coëtlogon (1646 - 1730), Marshal of France in 1730
• Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron (1663 - 1756), Marshal of France in 1734
• Jacques de Chastenet, Marquis of Puységur (1665 - 1743), Marshal of France in 1734
• Claude Bidal, Marquis of Asfeld (1665 - 1743), Marshal of France in 1734
• Adrien, Duke of Noailles (1678 - 1766), Marshal of France in 1734
• Christian Louis de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Prince de Tingry (1713 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1734
• François Marie II, Count of Broglie (1671 - 1745), Marshal of France in 1734
• François de Franquetot, Duke of Coigny (1670 - 1759), Marshal of France in 1734
• Charles, Duke of Lévis-Charlus (1669 - 1734), Marshal of France in 1734
• Louis de Brancas de Forcalquier, Marquis of Céreste (1671 - 1750), Marshal of France in 1740
• Louis Auguste d?Albert d?Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes (1676 - 1744), Marshal of France in 1741
• Louis Armand de Brichanteau, Duke of Nangis (1682 - 1742), Marshal of France in 1741
• Louis de Gand de Mérode de Montmorency, prince d?Isenghien (1678 - 1762), Marshal of France in 1741
• Jean-Baptiste de Durfort, Duke of Duras (1684 - 1778), Marshal of France in 1741
• Jean-Baptiste Desmarets, Marquis of Maillebois (1682 - 1762), Marshal of France in 1741
• Charles Fouquet, Duke of Belle-Isle, called the Marshall of Belle-Isle (1684 - 1762), Marshal of France in 1741
• Maurice, comte de Saxe, (1696 - 1750), Marshal of France in 1741
• Jean-Baptiste Andrault, Marquis of Maulévrier (1677 - 1754), Marshal of France in 1745
• Claude Testu, Marquis of Balincourt (1680 - 1770), Marshal of France in 1746
• Philippe Charles, Marquis of la Fare (1687 - 1752), Marshal of France in 1746
• François, duc d'Harcourt (1689 - 1750), Marshal of France in 1746
• Guy, Count of Monmorency-Laval (1677 - 1751), Marshal of France in 1747
• Gaspard, Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre 1688 - 1781, Marshal of France in 1747
• Louis Claude, Marquis of La Mothe-Houdancourt (1687 - 1755), Marshal of France in 1747
• Ulrich, Count of Löwendahl (1700 - 1755), Marshal of France in 1747
• Louis du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu (1696 - 1788), Marshal of France in 1748
• Jean de Fay, Marquis of la Tour-Maubourg (1684 - 1764), Marshal of France in 1757
• Louis Antoine de Gontaut, (1701 - 1788), Count (afterwards Duke) of Biron, Marshal of France in 1757
• Daniel François de Gélas de Voisons d?Ambres, Viscount of Lautrec (1686 - 1762), Marshal of France in 1757
• Charles François Frédéric de Montmorency, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg (1702 - 1764), Marshal of France in 1757
• Louis Le Tellier, Duc d'Estrées (1695 - 1771), Marshal of France in 1757
• Jean Charles de la Ferté, Marquis of La Ferté Senneterre (1685 - 1770), Marshal of France in 1757
• Charles O?Brien de Thomond, Count of Thomond and of Clare (1699 - ?), Marshal of France in 1757
• Gaston de Lévis, Duke of Mirepoix (1699 - 1758), Marshal of France in 1757
• Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny, (1689 - 1778), Marshal of France in 1758
• Hubert de Brienne, Count of Conflans (1690 - 1777), Marshal of France in 1758
• Louis Georges, Marquis of Contades, (1704 - 1795), Marshal of France in 1758
• Charles de Rohan, Prince of Soubise (1715 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1758
• Victor Maurice, Duke de Broglie (1718? 1804), Marshal of France in 1759
• Guy Michel de Durfort de Lorge, Duke of Randan (1704 - 1773), Marshal of France in 1768
• Louis de Brienne de Conflans, Marquis of Armentières (1711 - 1774), Marshal of France in 1768
• Jean de Cossé, Duke of Brissac (1698 - 1780), Marshal of France in 1768

Twenty Marshals named by Louis XVI, 1774 - 1792

• Anne Pierre, Duke of Harcourt (1701 - 1783), Marshal of France in 1775
• Louis, duke of Noailles (1713 - 1793), Marshal of France in 1775
• Antoine, Count of Nicolaï (1712 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1775
• Charles, Duke of Fitz-James (1712 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1775
• Philippe, Duke of Mouchy (1715 - 1794), Marshal of France in 1775
• Emmanuel de Durfort, Duke of Duras (1715 - 1789), Marshal of France in 1775
• Louis Nicolas, Duc du Muy (1702 - 1775), Marshal of France in 1775
• Claude, Count of Saint-Germain (1707 - 1778), Marshal of France in 1775
• Guy de Montmoreny, Duke of Laval (1723 - 1798), Marshal of France in 1783
• Augustin, Count of Mailly (1708 - 1794), Marshal of France in 1783
• Henri Bouchard de Lussan, Marquis of Aubeterre (1714 - 1788), Marshal of France in 1783
• Charles de Beauvau, Prince of Beauvau-Craon (1720 - 1793), Marshal of France in 1783
• Noël Jourda, Count of Vaux (1705 - 1788), Marshal of France in 1783
• Philippe, Marquis of Ségur (1724 - 1801), Marshal of France in 1783
• Jacques de Choiseul-Stainville, Count of Choiseul (1727 - 1789), Marshal of France in 1783
• Charles de La Croix, Marquis of Castries (1727 - 1800), Marshal of France in 1783
• Anne Emmanuel, Duke of Croÿ (1718 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1783
• François, Duke of Lévis (1719 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1783
• Nicolas de Luckner, (1722 - 1794), Marshal of France in 1791
• Jean-Baptiste de Vimeur, Count of Rochambeau (1725 - 1807), Marshal of France in 1791