Malay titles

The Malay language has a complex system of titles and honorifics, which is still extensively used in Malaysia and Brunei. Singapore, whose Malay royalty was abolished by the British colonial government in 1891, has adopted civic titles for its leaders. The island republic, interestingly, still pays annual stipends to descendants of its last Sultan.

Related Topics:
Malay language - Title - Honorific - Malaysia - Brunei - Singapore

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Indonesia, meanwhile, despite being a Republic, recognizes several hereditary rulers and aristocratic systems, mostly those who supported the Independence movement of 1945. The late wife of former President Soeharto, for example, was the Raden Ayu Tien Hartini, not as some say, Madame Soeharto. Under the Dutch, similarly, descendants of the Majoors, Kapiteins and Luitnens der Chinezen in Java were entitled to the hereditary title 'Sia'. Together with Peranakan feudalism, however, these titles were abolished by the colonial government in the 1930s during the implementation of their 'social policy'.

Related Topics:
Indonesia - Soeharto

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Today, hereditary and life titles are still regularly awarded in Brunei, several Indonesian provinces and Malaysia. What follows, however, is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent.

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In Malaysia, all titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman and such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man.

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The sequence that should be used when formally writing or addressing a person's name is as follows:

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Honorary Style, Professional Rank, Royal Hereditary Title, Federal Title, State Title, Non-royal Hereditary Title, Doctor (of medicine or philosophy), Haji/Hajjah (for Muslim men and women who have performed the Hajj), Name.

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A style carried by virtue of royal title always trumps those carried by non-royal titles. Male royals may choose to append "al-Haj" to their name instead of using "Haji". The following examples are correct:

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• Yang Berbahagia Jeneral Tan Sri Hj Nik (Name)
• Yang Amat Mulia Jeneral Tengku Dato' (Name) al-Haj
• Yang Berhomat Senator Tan Sri Dato' (Name)

Only the highest title in each class should be used; thus a person with a Tan Sriship (always a federal title) and a federal Datukship should only use the Tan Sri; but a holder of a federal Tan Sriship and a state Dato'ship may use both titles.

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Malay titles: Royalty ►